
S^T^ 



PRESRNTliD BY 



prick;, 



25 CENTS. 




CONGRESS SPRING 

Saline-Alkaline Water, 

Caih art/'c and Alteraiive of High Medicinal Viriues. 



As a Cathartic — One pint, or less, some thirty min- 
utes before breakfast. 

For Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Acid Stomach, 
Torpid liiver, and inactive condition of the 

Kidneys — One third of a pint directly after each meal. 

For Rheumatism, Malaria, Eczema, Scrofu- 
lous Taints, and all Diseases of the Blood— One 

quarter of a pint each time, and from four to six times a day. 

For Insomnia — One half pint just before retiring acts 
as a Sedative, producing quiet sleep. 

By its Efficacy, Purity and Acknowledged Sanitary proper- 
ties, and the happy proportions of its various ALKALINE 
SAL TS, THE CONGRESS stands UNRII/ALLED. 

Congress Water — It's popular because it is healthful. 
It has long been famous for the desired results it brings, and 
for the clean after- taste it leaves on the palate, an infal- 
lible test of its purity. 



At all Druggists, Grocers, Hotels, and 

Congress Spring Co., 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 






SAElTOGi 

REAL 

ESTATE 

Concerning the better class of 
Real Estate at Saratoga Springs 
for sale or to let, trustworthy 
information may be obtained of 

Lester Brothers 

Arcade Building 



SARATOGA 

/ 
ILLUSTRATED: 

The VISITOR'S GrUiDE 

OF 

SARATOGA SPRINGS. 

CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF THE 

ROUTES OF APPROACH, HOTELS, INSTITUTIONS AND BOARDING 

HOUSES, MINERAL SPRINGS, WALKS, DRIVES, AMUSEMENTS. 

KACES, REGATTAS, EXCURSIONS, COMMERCIAL 

INTERESTS, ETC., ETC. 

WITH A 

BKIEF HISTOKY OF THE SPRINGS AND VILLAGE. 
ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. 



Copyright, 1887, by 
Taintok Brothers & Co. 



NEW YORK : 

TAINTOR BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 

13 AsToH Place. 

1000. 



LINCOLN SPRING 

AMERICA'S GREATEST 

MINERAL WATER. 

A WONDERFUL SALINE, ALKALINE WATER, 

Combining the most valuable mineral properties in the happiest 
solution, and producing a 

DELICIOUS TABLE WATER 

Suited to all the purposes of the Dining Table. It, combines 
Lithia and Magnesia and makes a 

SPLENDID BLOOD PURIFIER AND STOMACH 
REGULATOR. 

It acts finely on the Kidneys and is good for all diseases 
of the Bladder and Kidneys, and is a 

GREAT RESTORATIVE AND SLEEP PRODUCER. 

It is in no way injurious to persons who are well and need no 
medicine, but may be taken freely by those in good health without 
any injurious effect. It tends to keep the physical system in 
good healthy condition. 

It is bottled at the spring with its own natural Carbonic Acid 
Gas which is so highly recommended by physicians. 

IT IS PUT UP IN BOTTLES ONLY, 

and packed in cases containing two dozen quart bottles or four 
dozen pint bottles of water. 

IT IS NEVER SOLD ON DRAUGHT. 



Send for a Trial Case, 

Address all orders to 

LINCOLN SPRING CO., 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

u-iffc. 

Wm. J. Rhees, 




"W^^ 




INDEX. 



PAGE 

Adirondack RK 110 

Al beuiarle, The :^8 

Albion, The 27 

Amusements 109 

Analysesof Saratoga Waters. . . 41, 42 

Arondack Spring 08, 102 

Arrowhead, The 89a 

Balch House 29 

Baliston Spa 104 

Battle Ground 100 

Bicycle Patiis and lioads 113 

Boarding Houses and Hotels 32 

Boat Races Ill 

Carlsbad Spring; 57, 103 

Car^^ba.!, The.: Sic 

Champion Spouting Spring (59, 104 

Circular Kaiiwav ." 85 

Clarendon Hotel 21 

Columbian Hotel 20 

Columbian S|)rin^ 47 

Commercial Hotel, The 26 

Commercial Interests. 124 

Congress Hall 10 

Congress Spring 45 

Congress Spring Pai'k 83 

Continental Hotel 28 

Convention Hall 14 

Drives 100 

Elmwood Hall 29 

Empire Spring 48 

Entertaining Wall?s 81 

Eureka Spring 73 

Everett House 316 

Excelsior Paik 80 

Excelsior Spring 49 

Excursions 110 

Fitcliburg Railway 119 

Florida Ostrich Farm 114 

Floral Parades 112 

( Jeyser Lake 102 

(ieysei- Park 56 

(;eystr Si>iing .53, 103 

(ilen Mitchell: 101 

(Jrand liiion Hotel 20 

Hamilton Sjjring 57 

llathoiii Spring 57 

High Rock Spring '. 58 

History of Saratoga Springs 126 

Hoosac Tunnel Route 119 

Hotel American Adelplii 23 

Hotel Continental 31c 



PAGR 

Hotels 15, 32 

Howland House 28 

Hnestis House 25 

Indian Camp 85 

Lafayette Spring 104 

Lake Lonely 105 

Legends 92 

Lincoln Springs 07a 

Location 5 

Luzerne 105 

Masrnetic Spring 03 

Medicinal Action of the Waters. . . 43 

:SIemorial Tablets 108 

Mt. McGregor 122 

Patterson Spring 03 

Pavilion Spring 71 

Polo Grounds 112 

Prospect Hills of Greentield 105 

Red Spring and Bath 01 

Saint Faitlfs Hospital 31(; 

Saratoga Baths 326 

Saratoga Carlsl)ad Spring 57', 103 

Saratoga Golf Club 112 

Saratoga Lake and its Legends ... 89 

Saratoga Springs 5 

Saratoga Traction Co 115 

Saratoga Vichy Spring 05, 102 

Saratoga Victoria Spring 70, 104 

Seltzer Spring 01 

Source of Springs 34 

Springs 33, 87 

Star Spring 04, 64rt 

Strong's Sanitarium SO 

Temple Grove Ladies' Sem 85 

The Elms on Grand Avenue 30 

The Maples and Annex ,30 

The Orient 31a 

Union Spring 52 

Ignited States Hotel 18 

Village 8 

Walworth Mansion 29 

Washburne, The 30 

Washington Hall 27 

Washiuirton Si)rinir 07 

White Sidphiir Springs and Baths. 73 
While SulplmrSpriiigs Hotel. ..91. US 

Windsor Hotel .'. 22 

Woodbridge, The 31 

Woodlawn Park 88 

^Vorden House 24 



v,.^.^. ^.^. ^..^J ,^^.^ ^.-. ^ 

at 8.40 A.M., and West 22d Street, 9 a.m. 
5 



■M 



X 







Saea.toga Sprii^gs. 



CHAPTER I. 



LOCATION, AND HOW TO REACH IT. 

Near the eastern edge of the State of New York, U. S. A., 
and bordered by the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, lies the ancient 
county of Saratoga, famous in history and in medical science 
for its battlefields and healing springs. The village of Saratoga 
Springs, in the center of the county, and the largest village in it, 
is known round the globe. Tens of thousands of the fashionable 
world annually visit this celebrated resort, and the how to get 
there becomes a question of absorbing interest. In what direc- 
tion does it lie, and what are the means of access ? From New 
York it is north 182 miles ; from Boston, west 205 miles ; from 
Niagara, east 311 miles ; from Montreal, south 202 miles. These 
are its points of compass, and they readily show its position on 
the map. These distances are by rail and boat. To aid the 
more distant tourist, it may be mentioned that Saratoga Springs 
is distant from Philadelphia 274 miles; Washington, 412; Chi- 
cago, 841 ; White Mountains, 322 ; Albany, 38 ; Lake George, 
35 ; Rutland, Vt., 62. The routes by boat or rail are numerous. 

Tourists from Europe usually choose New York as a starting. 
]3lace for the Springs, as the route includes the Hudson River 
and gives a choice of boat or rail. The water-route gives 144 
miles of steamboat voyaging, of entrancing beauty and grandeur, 
uiisuri)assed by any river scenery in the world. 

The Day Line of steamers, during the summer season, make 
the trip of tht; Hudson River from New York to Albany by day- 
light, when all the beauty of the river scenery may be enjoyed in 
very comfortable ease. They leave Pier 89, North (Hudson) 
River, at 8.40 a.m., and West 22d Street, 9 a.m. 

5 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The People's Evening Line, the largest river boats afloat, make 
the trip in the night, leaving New York, Pier 41, North River, 
at 6 P.M. Connection is made in the morning at Albany, with 
Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R., 88 miles to Saratoga. 

The Citizens' Line of steamers leaves Pier 44, North Eiver, 
foot of Christopher Street, New York, at 6 p.m., arriving at Troy 
in the morning, connecting with the Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s 
R.H., and Fitchburg R.R. , to Saratoga Springs. 

The New York Central & Hudson River Raih'oad, following 
the east bank of the Hudson, takes one from New York to 
Albany or Troy without change of cars, and, during July and 
August, drawing-room cars are run through to Saratoga Springs 
in five hours and a half. 

The New York, West Shore & Buffalo R. R. runs on the west 
bank of the Hudson River from New York to Albany, and 
Schenectady and Sai'atoga Springs. 

Tourists from Boston have a choice of two routes : 

1st. Via the Fitchburg or Hoosac Tunnel Route, to Hoosac 
Tunnel, Mass., and to Johnson ville, N. Y., thence to Saratoga 
Springs. Distance, 205 miles. Passengers can diverge at 
Fitchburg, Mass., via Cheshire R.R., to Bellows Falls, Vt., 
Rutland Division of Central Vermont R.R., to Rutland, Vt., 
and the Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s K.R., to Saratoga Springs. 
Distance, 230 miles. 

2d. Via . Boston and Albany R. R. to Springfield, Mass , and 
Albany, N. Y., theuce via Saratoga Division of the Delaware and 
Hudson Canal Co.'s R R. to Saratoga Springs. Distance, 240 
miles. Passengers by this route can, if they prefer, diverge at 
South Framingham, via Boston, Clinton, Fitchburg. and New 
Bedford R.R., to Fitchburg, Mass., thence by Route No. 1. 
Distance, via Hoosac Tunnel Route, 205 miles ; via Cheshire 
R.R., 230 miles. Palace ears are run from Boston to Saratoga 
Springs without change, via all these lines. 

Passengers from the West may take any route to Buffalo or 
Niagara Falls, thence by New York Central R.R., or West 
Shore R R., to Schenectady and Saratoga Springs. 

The Erie Railway at Binghamton connects with the Delaware 
anil Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Schenectady and Saratoga. 

6 



"•33 i 



'rS 



*. /i^'-%.^:. 




^^^%. cr'^ 




SARATOGA ILLUSTRATiJ:D. 

From Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, the quickest 
route is to Jersey City, N. J., thence by West Shore R.R.; or to 
New York, thence by New York Central and Hudson Kiver R.R.. 
or by steamers on the Hudson River, to Albany or Troy, and 
thence to Saratoga Springs. 

From Maine and the Maritime Provinces, rail or boat may be 
taken to Boston, and thence by Routes 1 or 2 to Saratoga Springs, 
Or from Portland, Me. , via Portland and Ogdensburg and connec- 
tions to White Mountains, thence to Burlington, Vt.. thence by 
steamer on Lake Champlain or Central Vermont R.R. to Ticon- 
deroga, N. Y., thence by Del. and Hud. Canal Co.'s R.R. to 
Saratoga Springs, or from Burlington via Central Vermont R. R. 
to Rutland, thence by Del. and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Sara- 
toga Springs. 

Another desirable route between Portland, Bangor, and the 
East, and Saratoga, is via the Portland and Rochester N, H. 
R.R,, Portland to Rochester, and the Nashua and Rochester and 
Worcester and Nashua R.Rs. to Ayer Junction, Mass., thence 
by Fitchburg R.R. to Saratoga Springs. 

From the White Mountains a through palace car is run to 
Saratoga in one day in summer, via the Wells River and Mont- 
pelier R.R., Cent. Vt. R.R.. and Del. and Hudson (anal Co.'s 
R.R., via Wells River, Montpelier, Burlington. Leicester Junc- 
tion, Ticonderoga. and Whitehall, to Saratoga Springs. Or by 
Portland and Ogdensburg R.R. from White Mts. to Cambridge 
and Burlington, Vt., thence by rail or steamer. 

From Montreal the most direct route is by the Delaware and 
Hudson Canal Co.'s Line to Rouse's Point and Saratoga Springs. 
Palace cars run from INIontreal to Saratoga and New York. 

Another route from Montreal is via Grand Trunk R.R. to St. 
John's, thence via Central Vermont to Rutland, thence via Del. 
and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga Springs. 

Or, by Grand Trunk R.R. to Rouse's Point, Lake Champlain 
steamers to Fort Ticonderoga, thence by Del. and Hud. Canal 
Co.'s R.R. to Saratoga Springs. This latter route is the more 
delightful, as it takes the tourist through the glorious scenery 
of Lake Champlain, on the fine steamers of the lake, and also 
allows a divergence at Fort Ticonderoga, via Lake George. 




CONVLMIU.N UALL, ON BROADWAY. 




;m-' 








-'.^-kl^.^^^^^^-^^^^^^-^J , , .il^ 







CHAPTER II. 

THE VILLAGE. 

In approaching Saratoga Springs, either from the north or 
south, the traveler meets with a surprise. The change from 
open farms to close-built town is abrupt, and the cars are among 
the houses, and at the station, almost before the fields are 
missed. From the south, the first intimation is the little group 
of cottages clustered about the Geyser Springs, perhaps three 
minutes before the train stops. From the north, Excelsior Park, 
the towers and the mansard roofs of the great hotels, flash past 
just as the brakes begin to pull up for the depot. In either case 
the train glides along the same covered platform, and "Sara- 
toga" is announced. The intelligent brakeman knows the sta- 
iion is really " Saratogar Springs," but, with that freedom for 
which he is famous, he clips the "Springs." Saratoga is quite 
another place. This is Saratoga Spi'ings, properly so called. 
The long platform swarms with Importunate hackmen, and, . 
were it not for good policing, the arrival would be a trifle for- 
midable. The passenger may provide for the transportation of 
his baggage, before he reaches the depot, by giving up his checks 
to the agent of the Saratoga Baggage Express, wdiich transports 
baggage to any part of the town for the small sum of twenty-five 
or fifty cents, and is a I'egvdarly organized and responsible con- 
cern. Or he can hand his checks to the hotel porter at the sta- 
tion, who will attend to the transportation of the baggage for you. 
To find the porter of your house, a glance at the row of signs 
overhead will show just where the correct man stands, and 
where you should go to find him. Each liolel has a reliable man 
under its sign, and the l)adge on his hat will maUe the assui-ance 
sure. Give him your checks, and then take the omnibus or walk 
to the hotel. The most distant boarding-house in the viHage is 
not more than four blocks away. Opposite the station rise the 

'8 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

long, massive walls of the United States Hotel, and the street be- 
side it leads one to the left, directly upon Broadway, the main 
thoroughfare of the village. Reaching this street, with the 
United States on the southern corner (right), and the Worden on 
the northern (left) corner, we find ourselves in the center of the 
town, on the wide avenue called Broadway. The street runs up 
to the north, or left, and down to the south, or right. The 
United States, Adelphi, American, Grand Union, Congress Hall, 
Columbian, Clarendon, Windsor, Heustis, and Everett are to 
the right ; the Worden, Holden, Walworth, Washington Hall,- 
Broadway Hall, and Davardo are to the left, and each faces 
Broadway. The Kensington is one block east of Congress 
Spring, on the corner of Regent Street and Union Avenue. Dr. 
Strong's Sanitarium is on Circular Street, two blocks east of 
Broadway. 

Having found one's house, and a little leisure, it may be in 
order to look at the village. Saratoga Springs is a village of 
hotels and dwelling-houses. There are few or no manufactories, 
and its streets seem devoted to elegant leisure or abundant 
shopping. Its surface is mainly level, except where a shallow 
valley winds in a general northeasterly direction through the 
center. Through this runs a little brook, and by its banks, at 
the bottom of the valley, may be found several of the mineral 
springs. On either side of this valley the ground is level, and 
forms the top of a piece of elevated tableland a mile or two in 
diameter. It is evident that a " fault " occurred here in the geo- 
logical formation ; for, on the west side of this valley, the 
foundation rock underlying the plateau crops out to the surface, 
while on the east side, for several feet, nothing but sand is found. 

The principal street is Broadway, extending a little east of 
north through the entire village, and making the grand drive and 
promenade, where all the life, business, and pleasui-e of the place 
may be seen in a five-minutes' walk. Away from this center 
there is nothing but houses, cottages, and villas, each in prim 
fashion facing its quiet, shady street— a village of homes. 

Broadway is peculiar and original. The hotels, the elegant 
stores, the fine rows of trees, the broad borders of sod, and the 
throng of carriages and people that crowd its walks and roads, 

9' 




BROADWAY, FROM PORCH OF UNITKD STATES HOTEL. 
SUMMER AND WINTER. 



sakatoctA illustrated. 

present a spectacle unlike anything else in the world. Newport 
and Interlaken, Ems and Long Branch, have their special charms, 
but nowhere is so much of caravansary and general splendor con- 
centrated in so limited a space. No other resort can show twr 
such palaces as the Grand Union and Congress Hall, facing each 
other on one street. There is great architectural glory ; but tho 
American likes grandeur, and here he has it, in a profusion per- 
fectly dazzling. There is a slight bend in the street, in the neigh- 
borhood of Congress Hall, and standing here, one may look in 
either direction, and feel a natural pride in his country, that 
such monuments to American wealth, skill, and culture can be 
taken in at a single glance. Certainly, there is but one Saratoga 
in the world. 

Five minutes' walk, up or down Broadway, takes one past all 
the great houses and the best stores. Congress Park and its 
springs give a rural aspect to the avenue, and the stately rows of 
trees afford agreeable shade. The walks are good, and the road 
well kept. Thousands crowd the way in elegant attire, and there 
is a world of faces and things to see and admire. The throng of 
carriages passes in brilliant procession, flowers and elegant drap- 
ery fill the windows and frame the faces looking out, making a 
bit of realistic fairy-land that wins the attention at every step. 
The view of the village from the top of the large hotels or the 
Town Hall is very delightful. The numerous shade trees give 
the town the appearance of a very beautiful forest city, and the 
view will fully repay the slight trouble of a few steps to one of 
these elevations. 

Away from Broadway one sees home-life, quiet or gay, sober 
or festive, in countless houses, stretching through well-swept 
shady streets in endless variety. Round all is the charming open 
country, with woods, lakes, and meadows, and with mountain 
ranges to fringe the blue horizon. Evei-y house has its own gar- 
•den, and grass is freely used as a general outdoor carjDet and em- 
broidery. Many of the houses are of brick, and all exhibit a re- 
freshing freedom of design, as if the owners had their own ideas 
of comfort, and meant their homes to express themselves. If 
they do, the Suratogicins are a goodly people, cleanly, hospitable, 
and agreeable. Everything is as neat as wax, and there is an air 

10 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



of elegant finish about the houses and gardens that is infinitely 
suggestive and comforting. The attractions of Saratoga as a 
residence are being appreciated by some of the wealthier classes, 
and already several prominent families from the large cities have 
established their residence here. 

Nor are sanitary essentials neglected. With all the paint and 







TT^f^- J-, 



mMfrnM 



WIJ L Milil 



THE TOWN HALL. 

tarnish, sod-work and gilding, there is no slighting of the unseen 
works upon which the health and well-being of every town must 
be built. Excelsior Lake furnishes abundant supplies of pure 
water, and. by the use of the Holly system of waterworks, it is 
delivered at every door for domestic and fire purposes. Every 
street is lighted with gas. and ample sewerage woi'ks have been 
provided, and the place is perfectly secure from all danger of 
typhoid visitations. 

11 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Using the front steps of Congress Hall as a convenient pivot 
upon which to turn to find the chief points of interest, the springs, 
churches, etc., may be noticed as follows : The Post-Office is in 
the Arcade, on Broadway, nearly opposite the United States 
Hotel, with entrances on Broadway and Phila Street. 

The Town Hall is on tlie east side of Broadway, on the corner of 
Lake Avenue, the fourth block to the right, and is used for the 
offices of the village authorities. The large room oa the second 
floor is used for public meetings, conventions, etc. 

The churches of Saratoga Springs are commodious and elegant. 
The various pulpits are often filled during tlie summer season by 
eminent divines from other parts of the country. 

The Methodist church, a handsome brick structure, is on the 
north side of Washington Street, near Broadway. 

The Episcopal church is on Washington Street, and directly 
in the rear of the Grand Union Hotel. 

The Presbyterian church, a large brick building with a tall 
spire, is next north of the Town Hall, and in the fourth block to 
the right, on the same side of the street. 

The First Baptist church is on Washington Street, beyond the 
Methodist church. To reach it, cross to the walk in front of the 
Grand Union Hotel, turn to the right, and take the first left. 

The Second Baptist church is on Regent Street. 

The Congregational church is on Caroline Street. 

The Roman Catholic church is located on South Broadway, 
corner of William Street, and opposite the Clarendon Hotel. 

The Second Presbyterian Church is on the corner of Regent 
and Spring Streets. Spring Street joins Congress Hall on the 
right, and the church is in the fourth block from the hotel. 

The Free Methodist chapel is located on Regent Street, 
the third street east of Congress Hall. 

The hours cf service and the names of the pastors may be 
found in the Satui'day edition of the Saratoga daily papers. 

The Young Men's Christian Association has fine rooms in the 
Shackelford Building, on Broadway opposite Washington Street. 

The Temple Grove Seminary is located at the junction of 
Spring and Circular Sti-eets. Follow Spring Street, from the 
north side of Congress Hall to the second cross street. 

13 




Methodist C'liUKcir, krom top of Grand Union Hotel. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

To find the springs quickly, the visitor may start from Con- 
gress Hall as follows : Congress and Columbia Springs, turn to 
left ; Hathorn and Hamilton Springs, take first turn to right, 
from Broadway ; Putnam Spring and Patterson Spring, follow 
Broadway to right a few steps to the second street (Phila) and 
then turn to the right ; Pavilion Spring, follow Broadway 
to third turn to right ; Magnetic, Seltzer, High Rock. Star, and 
Empire Springs, follow Broadway to sixth turn to right ; the 
second turn to left will then lead to steps above the springs. To 
find the Old Red and Saratoga "A"' Springs, take same route as 
for Empire Spring and walk on past it along edge of brook. 
Washington Spring is easily reached from Congress Hall by walk- 
ing one block to the left. It is in the grounds of the Clarendon 
Hotel. Excelsior Spring is more distant, and may be reached 
from the Old Red Spring by following the town-road to the right, 
past the Water- works. The Oeyser, Champion, Kissingen, Vic- 
toria, Vichy, Carlsbad, Lafayette, and other springs in that group 
are about twenty minutes' walk to the south. To reach them, 
turn to left and follow South Broadway to Ballston Avenue, 
opposite the end of Congress Park. This road turns off to the 
right, diagonally, and the walk, though sunny, is pleasant and 
easy. Or take the electric cars at corner of Broadway and Con- 
gress Street, and a ride of eight or ten minutes will bring you to 
The Geysers. The Race Course is perhaps eight or ten minutes' 
walk to the east of Congress Hall. East Congress Street, on the 
south side of the hotel, leads directly to the wide avenue known 
as Union Avenue, and the grand entrance is easily found on the 
right, near the end of the fifth block from Congress Hall. To 
reach Woodlawn Park, which is the private property and con- 
tains the residence of the late Hon. Henry Hilton, and whose 
elegant grounds are open to the public, go north from Congress 
Hall along Broadway, about three-fourths of a mile, where you 
will notice the principal entrance. This is the largest private 
park in America, and has more than twice the area of Central 
Park, New York. There are about thirty miles of smooth, 
hard roads winding through its picturesque confines, and many 
beautiful vistas of forest, lawn, and lake adorn the charming 
landscape. 

13 




toa^' -I 




SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



Convention Hall, 

erected in 1893 by the citizens of Saratoga at a cost of more 
f.han $100,000, is on the east side of South Broadway, on the 
block between the entrance to Congress Spring Park and the 
Windsor Hotel. It is a massive and strong building, constructed 
chiefly of brick and iron. It has a high tower, and is a handsome 
building, and well arranged for the purpose for which it was 
constructed. It is probably the best structure of this sort in the 
State, and is admirably adapted to meetings of large assemblies. 
There is probably no convention hall in the State so admirably 
planned and well adapted to its purpose as this one. Its large 
hall is admirably ventilated and is very comfortable. It is well 
lighted by daylight, and at night is brilliantly illuminated by a 
large number of electric lights. It is provided with ample exits, 
that can be quickly utilized in case of a fire or panic. The acous- 
tic properties are perfect, and, notwithstanding the large dimen- 
sions, a person of little strength of voice can be heard in all parts 
of the audience-room. The building is heated throughout by 
steam, and has a double lighting of electricity and gas. 

Besides the large assembly-room it contains thirty rooms for 
the use of committees, all supplied with running water ; a re- 
porters' room, and a room for telegraph operators and instru- 
ments. The stage platform of the main hall will seat 200 persons. 
On either side of the stage is a band gallery, with sittings for 
thirty persons in each. Directly in front of the stage in the main 
hall is the reporters' platform. The main floor of the hall, 
which will seat 1,000 persons, is several feet below the level of 
the stage. Directly from this floor spring seventeen rising rows 
of seats, containing 1,800 chairs, and above these is an equally 
convenient and desirable gallery, which will seat 1,200 persons 
or more. There are single opera chairs for 5,000 persons and 
ample space for 2,000 more, if needed. The hall is handsomely 
decorated, arrd with its liberal appointments is one of the most 
admirable assembly-rooms to be found in this country. 

14 



'^ /' 



f^v 




W«^li ^WJ^J' 



K 




IN ANB ABOUT SARATOGA. 






CHAPTER III. 
THE HOTELS. 

The hotels at Saratoga Springs are among the largest, the most 
costly, elegant, and comfortable in the world. For nearly a cen- 
tury people have journeyed to these springs, to drink tiieir healing 
waters ; and, as one day's visit is hardly worth the while, they 
have sought a home here during the summer season. It is this 
that has caused the village to open its doors so freely, and to build 
up, from a small begkining, a system of hotels and boarding- 
houses unlike anything else to be found. Added to this came, in 
time, the demands of the merely pleasure-seeking, fashionable 
world. People came to the springs for the sake of the gay com- 
pany gathered here, and from year to year the hotels have grown, 
expanding their wings and adding room beyond room, till they 
cover acres of ground, and the halls and piazzas stretch out into 
miles. They have a bewildering fashion here of repeating the 
wondrous tale of these things. They talk about the miles of 
carpeting ; the thousands upon thousands of doors and windows ; 
the hundreds of miles of telegraph wires ; vast acres of marble 
floors, and tons of eatables stored in the pantries, till one is lost in 
bewildering confusion. It is all true, and that is the wonder of 
it. The management that governs it all is more remarkable thnn 
the gilding and mirrors. It is a sort of high scieace, une((ualed 
in the world, combining the "ease of mine inn," and a perfection 
of detail and freedom from friction that is as pleasant as it is 
wonderful. 

Saratoga's face is her fortune, and it is said that the entire town 
devotes its days /met nights to the comfort of the tourist. The^ 
tourist should be indinnl happy. If he is not, it is safe to say it is 
his own fault. In speaking of these hotels, the four great houses 
are mentioned first. The smaller ones are noticed in the order of 
their size. The numerous boarding-houses will be considered in 
the next chapter. 

15 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Congress Hall 
Is built on the site of the old and famous hotel of the same p^>^e 
which was burned in 1866, and occupies the larger part o^ the 
square bounded by Broadway, East Congress, Spring and Put- 
nam Streets. Its situation is in the very center of the gaj and 
fashionable hotel world of Saratoga, and is admirably arrj'Qged 
for seeing all the attractive phases of the "great watcring- 
pJace " life. Its frontage on Broadway, the principal str« et of 
the town, is 416 feet, with a high promenade piazza 20 feel wide 
and 249 feet in length, commanding a view of the most b« dliant 
portion of Saratoga. From the Broadway front two in-mense 
wings, 300 feet long,- extend to Putnam Street, the n( cthern 
wing, running along Spriag Street and overlooking the eel brated 
Hathrrn and Hamilton Springs on one side, and with the central 
wing which runs parallel with it, enclosing a very beautiful 
garden-plot. The southern front commands a full view of the 
famous Congress and Columbian Springs, and the beautiful Con- 
gress Park, owned and adorned by the Congress Spring 
Company. Ample piazzas extend around the back of the hotel, 
overlooking the grass and garden-plots of the interior court, afford- 
ing cool and shady retreats in the afternoon, when entrancing 
music is discoursed by one of the best hotel bands in Saratoga. 

Congress Hall is built in the most substantial manner of brick 
with brown-stone trimmings, and presents one of the most grace- 
ful architectural appearances in Saratoga. Its walls are 20 
inches thick and hollow in the center, thus securing great strength 
and protection from heat of summer. The roof is a Mansard, 
with three pavilions, which afford wide and delightful views from 
the jiromenades on top. Interior fire-walls are provided to pre- 
vent the spread of tire, and Otis elevators afford easy access to 
all the floors of the house. The rooms are all large, high and 
well ventilated, and properly provided with annunciators, gas, 
etc. The halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and offi.ces are of grand 
proportions, and are furnished with an elegance that bespeaks 
comfort and neatness in all its departments. The ventilation of 
the dining-room and kitchen has been much improved, and a 
Steam Heating Apparatus introduced on the main floor for use 
whenever changes in the temperature require it. Hot and cold 

16 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

water have been carried to every floor, and a large number of 
baths and closets added for the convenience of guests. 

There has also been a complete renovation of the furniture, 
and the rooms, halls, and parlors have been recarp-oted, and 200 
rooms refurnished throughout and the walls refinished. The 
public parlors have been refurnished with new Wilton carpets, 
and the reception rooms, office and dining-room renewed. The 
kitchen department has been thoroughly reorganized at a large 
expense, and will this year be made equal to the best. The 
office has been tiled and greatly improved. The laundry ha& 
been greatly improved and its facilities increased. 

The rooms of Congress Hall are large, and afford as pleasant, 
healthy and convenient apartments as can be found in any hotel in 
Saratoga, and will accommodate over 1,000 guests in the most 
comfortable style. The beds are the easiest and best spring and 
hair mattresses to be found in this country, and ample presses, 
closets, etc., afford all desirable conveniences. The ball-room of 
the Congress is one of the finest in Northern New York, being 
most exquisitely frescoed and adorned with costly chandeliers 
and ornaments. It is in the block across Spring Street, but is 
connected with the north wing of the hotel by a light, graceful 
iron bridge suspended over the street, covered and protected, 
which, when illuminated on hop nights, is very picturesque. 

Congress Hall is favored with a superior class of visitors, which 
annually includes the finest families of our metropolitan cities. 

In 1878, Mr. W. H. Clement, of Cincinnati, Ohio, President of 
the Cincinnati and Southern K. E. Co., and Mr. John Cox, ©f 
New York, gentlemen of large means, purchased Congress Hall 
and have since added many improvements. Mr. H. S. Clement 
has leased the house for the season of 1900, and will maintain 
its previous popular and efficient management. He has attained 
distinction as a manager of first-class hotels, and was proprietor 
of Congress Hall in its palmiest days, when it stood without a 
rival in Saratoga. The great success of Congress Hall is com- 
plete proof of the efficiency of the management. Owing to the 
very low purchase price of the hotel, the proprietor feels able to 
keep up the standard of style of iis former glorious years and 
yet make the lowest possible and present popular rates. Open 
from Julv 3d to October 1st. 

17 




\ 



i'' * 






'^. 



r 




/^> 






SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The United States Hotel. 



As Saratoga is the paradise among American summer resorts, 
so is the noble United States Hotel in its very midst one of the 
most inviting and delightful known to our pleasure world. With 
its stately architecture, spacious appointments, columned piazzas, 
enchanting park or court, and the picturesque shade of the em- 
bowering trees that surround the premises, the beauty and re- 
pose of the United States beggars one's descriptive powers. The 
plant occupies several acres, and the premises bespeak that 
rare refinement that attaches only to traditional and cultured 
clientage. The United States is the hotel of American royalty 
at Saratoga, among its habitues being the Vanderbilts, Belmonts, 
Rhinelanders, McAllisters, Works, Bennetts, Morgans, and other 
distinguished first families. The history of the house dates from 
1824, when the original structure was built and opened, by Pi- 
oneer John Feid. The United States Hotel had but one change 
of proprietors until the old house burned down in 1865. Mr. 
Feid's successors were the Messrs. Thomas J. and James M. 
Marvin, the latter being now over eighty years of age. The new 
United States was finished and opened in 1874, and has been 
under the continuous management of the Messrs. Gage and Perry, 
wlio have grown up in the house and harness. It is the only 
Saratoga hotel that has not changed hands in a quarter of a cen- 
tury, with the result that the Messrs. Gage and Perry enjoy the 
acquaintance and aft'ection of probably the largest number of 
summer resorters of the desirable class in this country. 

. The United States Hotel is a six-story structure, surrounding 
a spacious court filled with stately forest trees that picturesquely 
spread their beautiful branches over a landscaped lawn and 
neatly-groomed promenades, lined, with inviting settees and 
broad verandas, that are as retired and reposeful as if in the 
country. The architectural arrangement of the hotel proper and 
cottage annex is such that every suite and room is light and cool, 
with alternating sunshine and shade. The great piazzas, parlors, 
and dining-room accommodate a thousand patrons each, without 
congestion or confusion, and tlie scene during a dinner, concert, 
or ball is one that the spectator never forgets. 

The proprietors, William B. %ige and Dr. John L. Perry, 
18 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

who have been identified with the management of the United 
States since the present structure was erected, are thorough hotel 
men, and there is nothing in the business worth knowing that 
they do not understand. The United States occupies a foremost 
place among the largest hostelries of the world, yet every detail 
is looked after with the care used in a private residence. 

Steam heat, porcelain baths, and scientific lavatories are now 
features of the famous United States cottage annex. 

The far-famed cottage wing contains many cottages with noble 
and homelike suites of from two to five rooms each, with the 
latest bath and toilet, large closets, and generous halls and 
piazza spaces. The cottage feature of the United States Hotel is 
unique, and far excels anything of the kind in the resort world. 
The neatness of the premises in every detail is exceptional, and 
accounts for the popularity of the "States" with resort con- 
noisseurs. There are sixty suites in the cottage wing, and every 
one is invariably reserved in advance for the season. 

To say that the service and cuisine of the United States Hotel 
are unequaled is a figure of speech which does not convey to the 
mind the absolute perfection of these important features of hotel 
management. The patrons of the "States" will fi.nd upon the 
menu card a variety which not only includes the standard dishes, 
but every delicacy and specialty of the season, and each 
"cooked to a turn." Its force of cooks, waiters, and servants 
would make a good-sized regiment, and, under competent direc- 
tion, they render a service which is as perfect as one would 
expect to find in the best appointed homes of wealth. 

The sources of amusement at Saratoga are many and varied. A 
more beautiful golf course is not to be found anywhere than that 
at Saratoga, and guests of the United States Hotel may easily 
secure tickets entitling them to the privileges of the links. 
There has also been organized a Polo Club, and its grounds are 
not only exceedingly beautiful and picturesque, but admirably 
adapted to this brilliant and manly sport. 

The beautiful lake and the drives to it are a constant source of 
pleasure and recreation. The racing association holds a brilliant 
meeting at Saratoga, and all these things, with, the many more 
quiet recreations of the place, make the days go merrily. 

19 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Grand Union Hotel. 

This palatial hotel and its grounds occupy the square bounded 
by Broadway, Congress, Federal and Washington Streets, in the 
very center of the town. It is a magnificent structure of brick 
and iron of modern style, with a street frontage of 2,400 feet 
It is one of the largest and most elegantly furnished water- 
ing-place hotels in the world. Along its entire Broadway front of 
800 feet runs a graceful iron piazza, three stories high, affording 
a splendid promenade which overlooks the liveliest portion of 
Broadway, and the beautiful Congress Park and Spring. The 
main entrance and office is at the center of the Broadway front, 
in the rotunda, which is eighty feet in diameter, and extends to 
the top of the house, with balconies on each of the five stories 
overlooking the entrance and grand saloon about the office. To 
the left of the office are reception-rooms and the grand saloon 
parlor, which is beautifully decorated and furnished. 

Beyond the drawing-room are other small private parlors, and 
to the right in the Congress Street wing, is the spacious and ele- 
gant dining-hall, 60 feet wide, 275 feet long, beautifully frescoed 
and furnished with splendid mirrors. 

The rooms of the hotel are elegantly furnished, and many are 
arranged in suites for family use. Three elevators are now in 
operation, and guosts are conveyed to and from the five floors 
with the utmost ease and despatch. The hotel fronts on three 
streets, thus affording a large number of outside rooms while 
the rear rooms open upon the handsome interior court square, 
beautifully adorned with trees, shrubs and flowers, presenting a 
delightful view of genuine artistic landscape gardening. 

The fine ball-room, 60 x 85 i'eet, built in 1876, is beautifully 
frescoed, and adorned with balconies. Yvon's grand Centen- 
nial picture, " The Genius of America," painted expressly for 
the late Mr. Stewart, occupies one entire end of the room. Con- 
certs are given every morning on the piazzas of the hotel, and 
dances on occasional evenings in the ball-room. Lund'.s superb 
orchestra is engaged for th'e season. • A Ladies' Kestaurant and 
Caf^ is a feature of the Grand Union. Billiard-lables and read- 
ing-rooms and all facilities that conduce to entertainment are 
provided. Messrs. Woolley & Gerrans are the proprietors. 

20 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Clarendon Hotel. 



This celebrated hotel is located at tlie highest point on Broad- 
way, and overlooks the unique Ponipeia, the great Conven- 
tion Hall (the finest in America), and the beautiful Congress 
Spring Park. It fronts on three streets, and the rooms which 
do not face the street look out upon the handsome park enclosed 
within its grounds, with the picturesque pavilion of the cele- 
brated Washington Spring in the center. The water of the 
spring, popularly called " The Ladies' Champagne," is free to 
all the guests of the house. It contains some iron and other 
pi'operties highly invigorating and curative. 

The appointments of The Clarendon are all that could be 
desired. The rooms are spacious and elegantly furnished, and 
are arranged singly or en suite with or without private bath ; are 
light, airy, pleasant and well furnished and supplied with all 
modern improvements — an elevator running night and . day 
making one floor as desirable as another. Hot and cold water 
baths, large parlors, ball-room, commodious piazzas and grounds 
join in adding to the comfort a?id enjoyment of guests. The 
court-lawn is an ideal playground for the children, while the 
large and home-like parlors and reception rooms are all perfectly 
adapted to the social enjoyment which is one of the chief charms 
of a home for summer recreation. 

The Clarendon is famous for the refined and homelike atmos- 
phere that pervades the whole establishment, and it is conducted 
by capable and experienced proprietors, who understand the 
requirements of the best hotel patronage. Messrs. Palmer and 
MacDowell conduct The Clarendon in the same liberal and satis- 
factory manner that they do the Brighton Hotel at Long Branch 
and the Magnolia House at St. Augustine, Florida. 

Guests of formei' seasons will find the house much improved in 
the way of new furnishings, decorating, painting, etc. 

The cuisine will be under the personal supervision of Mr. Pal- 
mer, which will assure good service and perfect satisfaction in 
this department. 

A first-class orchestra has been engaged for the season. 
Terms: $3.50 and upwards per day; weekly, |14 and u])wards, 
with special rates to families. 

21 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Windsor Hotel. 

The Windsor has the choicest location of the Saratoga hotels. 
It is situated on the brow of the hill adjoining and overlooking 
Congress Spring Park, with which it is connected by an entrance 
directly from the grounds of the hotel. Guests will appreciate 
this great advantage, especially those having children and thost» 
who resort to Saratoga to drink the waters of this famous Spring, 




&4c/r<'^^'" 



To those who desire to enjoy the life-giving air and waters of 
Saratoga, amid luxurious surroundings, and who seek to avoid 
the bustle and confusion of the larger hotels, the Windsor offers 
special attractions. This hotel serves a late dinner, during the 
service of which music is rendered in an adjoining apartment. 
The rooms of the hotel are arranged en suite and single, and offer 
most elegant accommodations for families. Wide verandas on 
every floor make the richly furnished rooms doubly attractive. 
The hotel is supplied with every accessory demanded by modern 
refinement of living, including scientific plumbing, steam heat, 
incandescent electric lights, etc., etc. This hotel employs white 
servants only. It is a strictly high-class house, and its cuisine 
and service are unexcelled. Mr. R. G. Smyth manages the 
hotel. It is open until October 1st. 

22 




THE COTTAGE ROW," UNITED STATES HOTEL. 




THE GRAND SALON, UNITED STATKS lloTKL. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Hotel American-Adelphi 

is situated on Broadway at the head ot Phila Street, in the very 
centre of the viUage, and in the midst of tlie brilliant spectacle 
of Saratoga's summer life. It is composed of two famous hotels 
in one, the American and the Adelphi, adjoining and connected 
with one another and united under one management It is 
within three minutes' walk of the Delaware & Hudson Railroad 
Station and the Fitchburg Railroad depot, the Hoosac Tunnel 




Route, and the leading mineral springs of this celebrated spa, so 
celebrated for their health-preserving and health-restoring prop- 
erties. The Congress, Columbian, Ilathorn, Patterson, Vichy, 
Saratoga Kissingen, Geyser and other springs are either a few 
steps from this hotel, or have depots near it where their waters 
can be obtained. The hotel also supplies spring waters that are 
ordered. The house now has an imposing frontage of about 200 
feet on Broadway. Broad and spacious piazzas extend along the 
whole front of the house, commanding charming views of the 
brilliant pageant of handsome equii)ages that pass along Broad- 
way in ceaseless procession during the entire day. No place in 
Saratoga is more nearly in the centre of its fashionable life and 
affords a better opportunity to see what goes on in -the town 
than the piazzas of the American-Adeli)hi. The views from 
these piazzas present the most brilliant i)icture of sumuu'r life. 

23 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Worden Hotel 

is situated on the corner of Broadway and Division Street, 
directly opposite the United States Hotel, in the center of the 
liveliest part of Saratoga. Its broad, well-shaded piazza on 
the front of the house affords a delightful view of Broadway. Die 
fashionable drive. The finest equipages pass the house in unceas 
ing panorama, and afford constant entertainment and delight to 
its guests. The Worden commands the finest views of all the 
hotels of Broadway, the principal promenade. A long, wide 
piazza has been recently built on the north side of the house, 
affording a delightful shady retreat from the morning summer 
sun. It is one of the best-constructed hotels in Saratoga. The 
building is of brick and is five stories high, surmounted with a 
mansard roof. and,presents a very neat exterior on the fashionable 
avenue of the town. Fronting, as it does, the two prominent 
streets, Broadway and Division Street, its rooms are particularly 
desirable, as they command views of the liveliest portion and the 
business center of the village. The recent improvements are of 
the most modern cotistruction, and the appointments are equal 
to those of any of the first class hotels of Saratoga. It is hand- 
somely and comfortably fitted up and admii-ably conducted. Its 
centi-al location, together with its convenience to' the railroad 
station, make it a very desirable hotel for commercial travelers as 
well as tourists. It is provided with a reading and writing room 
for the convenience of its patrons, and a new elevator. 

The Worden has become very popular with both summer resi 
dents and transient visitors, who appreciate comfort, quietness, 
good food, never-failing courtesy and attention, at very reason 
able prices. The hotel is but two minutes" walk from the rail- 
road depot, where a representative meets every train. A free 
omnibus conveys guests to and from the hotel. The Worden 
will accommodate 300 guests, and is open all the year ronnd. Its 
price for board and rooms is $8 |)(M- day. Mr. W. W. Worden is 
the proprietor, and persons desiring to engage rooms and obtain 
further information should address him at Saratoga Springs, 
New York. 

24 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Huestis House. 

This popular summer house, open from May L5 to November 1, 
is finely situated on South Broadway, within one block of the 
Congress and Columbian Springs, and two blocks from the 
Hathorn Spring. It is on the block next south of the new Con- 
vention Hall, and of the beautiful Congress Spring Park. South 
Broadway is one of the liveliest and handsomest portions of 
Saratoga, and the rooms and piazzas of the Huestis House, shaded 
by splendid old elms, afford unceasing entertainment and recrea- 
tion to the patrons of this elegant and delightful summer hotel. 
A procession of splendid and fashionable equipages pass this 
house during the popular hours for driving. 

The Huestis House has been under the same management for 
the past thirty-tive years, and has accommodations for 200 
guests. It is a select family hotel, first class in all respects, and 
offering many unique and superior attractions as a home for 
those who seek rest and recreation. Its patrons are among the 
leading citizens of all parts of the country, thus making the 
social life delightful throughout the season. 

The house is furnished in modern style, rooms single or en 
suite, well ventilated, and supplied with the best electric annun- 
ciators, incandescent lights, bathrooms, and other modern im- 
provements. 

The parlors are large and handsomely furnished, and provide 
many a quiet corner for whist, for those whose dancing days are 
over, while the S[)lendi(l dining-room, with its floors waxed to 
perfection, is turned over in the evening to the younger guests, 
who have made the Huestis House "hops" such a delightful 
feature of the Saratoga social season. 

Steam heat has been introduced and extended throughout the 
house, so that the cool and rainy days never bring the chilly air 
to any part of the establishment. Many of the rooms are also 
supplied with open wood fireplaces. The dining-room is very 
commodious and cheerful, and will seat over 200 guests. The 
children's ordinary supplies a separate dining-room for chil- 
dren and nurses. The cuisine is excellent, and the mode of serv- 
ice unexcelled. The Huestis House is conducted in the Lest style 
in every department and is justly very largely patronized. 

Mrs. M. B. Montgomery, Proprietor, Saratoga Springs, K. Y. 
25 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Columbian HoteL 



This excellent hotel is charmingly located on Broadway, in the 
central part of the village, opposite the new Convention Hall and 
the beautiful Congress Spi'ing Park. The famous Congress, 
Columbian, and Hathorn Springs are but a few steps from the 
hotel, and the principal springs that are situated outside the vil- 
lage have attractive parlors quite near, in which their waters are 
furnished. Its location is very central, and on the liveliest part 
of Broadway. The procession of fine turnouts that daily passes 
the Columbian during the season is* magnificent, and furnishes a 
constant entertainment to its patrons who occupy the piazzas and 
rooms of this delightful resort. The central location of this 
house, its nearness to the principal springs, and its easy access 
to the Saratoga Traction Company's line of electric cars that 
run to Saratoga Lake and to Kayadoross Park, Geyser Spring 
and Ballston Spa, which are the chief trips of interest around 
Saratoga, make it a very desirable hotel for those who wish to 
enjoy Saratoga's principal attractions. 

The Columbian is built of brick and has accommodations for 
250 guests. The I'ooms are large, pleasant, light, airy, and 
well-fui-nished. There are a large number of connecting apart- 
ments, suitable for families, and none of the rooms are dark or 
inferior. The house has recently been supplied with modern 
plumbing, and the sanitary regulations are now the most 
modern and perfect known to sanitary science. The parlors are 
cheerful, the dining-hall is spacious, and the halls wide and 
commodious. The piazzas are 250 feet in length, and afford a 
charming promenade. Mr. T. Bernard Scanlin, proprietor, has 
had several years' experience in the hotel business, having been 
connected with the Rowland and Scarboro Hotels at Long 
Branch, for the past three seasons, and the Ashton Hotel of New 
York City. Mr. W. J. Low assists him as manager, and the 
hotel is very popular. 

Th(> cuisine is unsurpassed. A new feature in connection with 
lli(> liotcl will he a ladies* and gentlemen's cafe, also news-stand 
aiiil bicycle room. Hotel 'bus meets all trains. The hotel opens 
for the season on June 15th. Bates, $2 to $4 per day ; $14 to 
|21 per week. Special rates for July and September. 

26 



L 



--I 



is,' 





## 




w. 




SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Albion House 

at 72 Maple Avenue, one block east of Broadway, is kept by K. 
M. Brennan, who has occupied this house for the last five years. 
It is a family hotel, very convenient to the IIii]i;h Rock, Star, 
Empire and other })rincipal springs. The house is neat and 
homelike, and the table is supplied with as good as the market 
affords. Tl is a well kept house with moderate prices. Rates, 
$7 to $12 per week, and $2 per day. 




Washing'ton Hall 

is an old-established and select boarding-house, charmingly 
located on North Broadway, in the best residence section of the 
village. The rooms are bright, airy, and well furnished. The 
house is supplied with sanitary {)lumbing, and is in every respect 
a well-managed and attractive house of entertainment. A broad, 
higli piazza, extending the entire front of the house, commands 
a beautiful view of tlic principal stivct of Saratoga, Washington 
Hall draws its guests fi-oiu the licsi class of visitors that come to 
Sai-atoga: Spi'ings. The tabic is excellent. The rates of board 
are from $10 to $2.") jiei- week, according to the rooms occupied. 
For terms, address 31 rs. A. J. Starr, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

27 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Howland House 

is on North Broadway, in the most charming i)art of the most 
beautiful avenue of the village, and is one of the finest boarding- 
houses in Saratoga. The house has a very fine piazza, fronting 
Broadway, and commanding a delightful view. In this large 
mansion, with its spacious and commodious rooms, broad piazzas 
surrounded by magnificent shade-trees, and witli the brilliant 
equipages that make up the daily pageant on the broad avenue, 
one can have a full experience of the enjoyments of Saratoga 
summer life. It is indeed a delightful summer home. The table 
is superior. The proprietor, Mrs. J. Howland, has had several 
years' experience in caring for summer boarders, and her house 
has always enjoyed an excellent reputation for good living. 

The Albemarle Hotel 
has been newly equipi)ed, improved, and refurnislied throughout 
for the season of 1900, at a great expense, and will be conducted 
on a strictly first-class basis and at moderate prices. This hotel 
is located on South Broadway, near Convention Hall, and nearly 
opposite the Windsor Hotel. It is convenient to all of the 
springs and principal attractions of the i)lace. The electric cars 
running to the Geysers, Ballston, the race track, Saratoga Lake,' 
and Kayadeross Park at tlie Lake, start from within two minutes' 
walk of the hotel. Open June to October. Rooms will be re- 
served for parties who engage in advance. Address Albemarle 
Hotel, B. F. Cover, proprietor, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Hotel Continental 
>s situated on Washington Street, one block from the railroad 
depot and from Broadway, the main street of the village. It is 
a large, brick structure, with large sleeping-rooms and modern 
accommodations. It has a private reading and writing-room, 
supplied with all the popular magazines and papers, provided ex- 
clusively for ladies. Also a new bathroom and lavatory, and a 
dark room for Kodak " liends." There are fine cnxpiet gronnds 
and spacious rooms for t lie storage of bicycles. The house is 
located near the centre of the village, and within easy walking 
distance of the principal s[)rings. It is conducted on strictly 
temperance principles. Mr. S. M. Sterns is the proprietor. 

38 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Balch House. 

Mrs. W. S. Balc'li has a fine l)rick boarding- lioiise on North 
Broadway, a few steps north of the Presbyterian church, in one 
of the most beautiful parts of Saratoga. It is handsomely fur- 
nished, and has large, well ventilated rooms, with high ceilings, 
and bright and pleasing outlooks from its windows. North 
Broadway is a broad and beautiful street, lined with four rows of 
trees, and scores of handsome residences. It is the favorite drive 
of Saratoga, and in summer there is a constant pageant of hand- 
some equipages and cyclists passing the house. Mrs. Balch en- 
joys the reputation of keeping an excellent boarding house. She 
has superior facilities for making her guests comfortable and 
happy, and her long experience enables her to do it in the most 
pleasing manner. Her table has long been celebrated for its ex- 
cellence, and her prices for board are very reasonable. 
Elmwood Hall. 

A comfortable residence, located in a ([uiet, shady spot, near 
the center of the village. It has a fine lawn, and croquet grounds 
and fine tennis court just back of the house. A mineral spring 
on the premises furnishes mineral water to guests free. The 
rooms are large and pleasant, and some are connected to accomr 
modate families. Mr. Potter makes the place what everybody 
who comes to Saratoga seeks — a pleasant home. Several new and 
spacious rooms have been recently added. They are heated by 
hot water and are very desirable for early and late visitors. The 
house is open all the year, and conducted on strict temperance 
principles. This is Mr. Potter's twenty-third year at Elmwood 
Hall. Terms, |1.25 to $2.00 per day, or |7."oO to $12.00 per 
w^eek. Address Emory Potter, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 
Walworlh Mansion. 

Mrs. Francella C. Record now conducts the Walworth Man- 
sion, which is charmingly located on North Broadway, and well 
shaded by beautiful elms. It was formerly managed by Mrs. 
T. D. Carpenter, and has an excellent reputation. The antique 
style of the house is charming. Within, all is orderly and 
modern. The towers and gables make an attractive landmark. 
The house is heated by steam, and is open all the year. For 
furtlier information, address Mrs. F. C. Record on the ^jremises. 

29 





A. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Wa;shburne 



is at No. 41 Washington Street, between the Grand Union and 
United States Hotels, and near to Broadway. It is central to all 
the springs and baths and is only one block from the Delaware 
and Hudson RR. depot. A beautiful lawn at the side of the 
house adds very much to the attractions. The orchestra of the 
Grand Union Hotel is distinctly heard on the piazza of the 
Washburne. All the rooms have closets and are well ventilated 
and furnished with splendid beds. The table and the service 
are excellent. The house will accommodate about 100 guests. 
Rates, $10.00 to $15.00 per week. Transient, $3.00 per day. 
Address M. L. Burrows, Proprietor. 

The Maples and Annex 

are at 637 and 641 Broadway in the north part of the village. Mrs. 
H. C. Stevens is the propi'ietor. These cottages are the nearest 
boarding-houses to Woodlawn Park and on the highest ground 
in Saratoga, being seventy feet above Congress Park. Accommo- 
dates fifty guests. Houses are newly painted and papered through- 
out and verandahs enlarged. Several bathrooms with sanitary 
plumbing are free to guests. The Red, Empire, Star, and High 
Rock Springs are near; the Magnetic Baths are within two blocks. 
Rates, $7 to $15 per week, according to location. Special rates 
for families and for season. 



one mile west of Saratoga Springs, accommodates about thirty 
people. It is surrounded by large elm trees and beautiful lawns 
on all sides of the house. The rooms are large and airy. Milk, 
eggs and butter are abundantly supplied from the proprietor's 
farm on which "The Elms" is located. The table is supplied 
with as good food as the markets afford. Rates of board from $5 
to $8 per week, according to rooms and number occupying them. 
Transients, $2 per day. For further particulars address Miss 
Susan E. Hazen, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

30 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 




Adirondack Lodge 

Is situated on the southeast corner of Fraiikliu Square, one block 
from Broadway and the United States Hotel. It is surrounded 
by choice private residences, and with its long, spacious piazzas, 
beautiful shade trees and lawn, is a most attractive house. It is 
within a few minutes' walk of Congress Park, all the hotels, and 
the principal springs. Fitted up with all the refined surround- 
ings of a private home — steam heat, open fires, a Worthington 
fdter which purifies all the water supplied to the house — it is 
tlioroughly api)ointed in every particular for home comfort and 
for health. Rooms in suites, private bath rooms if desired, and 
single rooms. Situated on a large open plaza, in a central part 
of the town, it offers one of the most delightful and charming 
resting places in Saratoga. The patronage of Adirondack Lodge 
consists exclusively of people of refined taste and culture, and 
the whole equipment and tone of elegance and refinement that 
pervade the house make a very choice resort for rest and enjoy- 
ment. The house is open all the year. Terms, from $-2.00 
to $8.50 per day. Special terms by the week. Address Mvs, R. C. 
McEweu, 2 Franklin Square, Saratoga Springs, N, Y. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Woodbridge 

is a fine, large boarding-house, deliglitfiilly situated on South 
Broadway, one of Saratoga's beautiful streets, but a short dis- 
tance from Congress Spring Park and tiie pi-iueipal mineral 
springs and great hotels of Saratoga. The electric cars which 
run from the village to Saratoga Lake, the Vichy, Kissingen, 
and Victoria Springs, and the Geysers, pass within one block of 
The Woodbridge. Convention Hall is only a block distant. 
All the great attractions and the centers of the fashionable life 
at Saratoga are easily reached from the Woodbridge. The house 
is kept in excellent style, and every provision is made for the 
comfort of its guests. All the requisites of a superior boarding- 
house are found here. The cuisine is exceptionally good, and 
the whole equipment of the Woodbridge is first-class and desir- 
able. ]Mr. T. S. Estabrook is the proprietor, and he provides 
well for his guests at the moderate price of $8 to j|15 per week, 
according to choice of rooms, etc. 

Summer Rest 
This select and charming boardiiig-liouse is situated on Spring 
Street, near Circular Street, and within two blocks of J3roadway 
and the principal hotels and springs. It is veiy convenient to 
the post-ofRce and telegraph offices, and the principal streets and 
business part of the town. The beautiful Congress Spring and 
Park are only two blocks distant, and the celebrated Hathorn 
Spring is on the same street with it and on.ly a few rods from the 
house. The location is one of the best in Saratoga. The house 
is built of brick and contains fine large rooms that are light 
and airy, and supplied with the best of beds with good 
springs, and other fine furnishings. The table is bountifully 
supplied with the best that the market affords, and the service 
is superior. The house is patronized by a very select class of 
boarders, and the whole tone and surroundings of the place 
indicate- the refinement and taste of a quiet, cultured home. 
The house opens for the season on June 1st, and special rates 
are given to patrons for the months of June and September. 
Parties desiring further information respecting the rates and 
rooms should address M. E. Morse, 75 and 77 Spring Street, 
Saratoga Springs, N. Y, 

81 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Commercial Hotel and Cottages, 

John J. Waiidell, owner and proprietor, are open all the year. 
Guests will find it to their advantage to make this hotel their 




I'HE COMiVIERCIAL HOTEL, SARATOGA SPRINGS. 

fiome, as it is located near all the depots, churches, springs, 
parks, and business places. Large sample room and all modern 
improvements for comfort and health. Rates, $2 to $3 per day. 

"The Orient" 

is located on the corner of Circular and Spring Streets and oc- 
cupies the building long known as the "Thorn House," which 
has been put in first class order. The rooms are all light and 
well ventilated. The bathrooms are in good condition. The 
table is supplied with the best the market affords. Location is 
within two blocks of Congress Spring and on opposite corner to 
Dr. Strong's Sanitarium ; on the finest street in Saratoga ; 
accommodates forty persons. The house is open the entire year. 
For further information inquire of E. S. Stannard, The Orient, 
Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

31a 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Everett House. 



This beautiful i'auiily hotel opens on June 1, 1000, for its nine- 
teenth season under tlie same management. The house is situ- 
ated on South Broadway nearly opposite the Windsor Hotel, in 
one of the finest and most beautiful parts of Saratoga, and is 
only one block from the principal springs of the village. New 
plumbing with the latest improvements has been put iu 




THE EVERETT HOUSE. 



throughout the entire building. The house has been newly 
painted and refurnished. It has 500 feet of shady piazzas, which 
afford entertaining views of the magnificent carriages and turn- 
outs that daily pass the Everett on Broadway, the principal 
boulevard of the town. In the height of the season the scene is 
brilliant and nu)st charming. This house has been one of the 
very successful boarding-houses and hotels of Saratoga and its 
success is due to tlie very capa))Ie management it has enjoyed 
for so many years. It will accommodate 200 guests. The rates 
of Ixiard are very reasouMljIo. and fnll jtarliculars as to rooms 
and terms may be sct-ured l)y addressing the experienced and 
eihcient proprietor, Mr. P. M. Saurez, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

31b 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Carlsbad 

is a high-class family liotel and sanitarium, situated on Frank- 
lin Square, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and is kept open during 
the entire year. It is designed for the entertainment of those 
guests who desire to use the Saratoga Mineral Waters for sani- 
tary or curative purposes upon the principles existing at Carls- 
bad and other European health resorts. It is a new house, 
handsomely appointed with new furnishings, and planned to 
secure the best possible sanitary advantages. It has suites of 
rooms with private bath, electric bells and all modern con- 
veniences, a gymnasium and an entertainment and music room. 
It has high Colonial piazzas upon the broad, open Franklin 
Square, and is opposite the court park of the United States 
Hotel. All the principal springs in Saratoga village are reached 
in a five-minute walk, and all the great hotels are but a short 
distance from The Carlsbad. 

The cuisine is made a special feature of this hotel, and a 
generous menu is [)rovided for those guests who are not under 
treatment. Guests are seated at small tables in the dining- 
room, and evening dinners, with high-class family service, are 
a feature of the regular order of meals. 

The treatment in tlie Sanitarium Department is optional. But 
tlie great variety of mineral waters found at Saratoga c'alls for 
systematic and scientific sanitary and dietetic principles in the 
use of them under the direction of medical advice. Such 
advice is obtainable at this institution, and the most beneficial 
results are obtained. Carlsbad salt lubs. jnassage, and the vari- 
ous athletic movements are provided in the institute, and the 
most intelligent and scientific treatment is given to those who 
place themselves under tlie guidance of the medical staff of 
this high-grade institution. E. Valencourt Deuell, M.D., is 
the Director of the Sanitarium De})artment. The bathing de- 
partment is equipped with the latest and best appliances for the 
pr()i)er treatmciil of patrons of the institution. In the gym- 
n:isium nve found the most approved ap])liances in mechanico- 
therapeutic, Swedish nio\ t-nicnts, and nuissagc liy machinery as 
practised al IJadt-n iJadiMi, as well as Mie medico-mechanical 
gymnastics according lo the Zunder system. For further in- 
formation address ilijtel Carlsbad, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

31c 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 
HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES IN SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



JS^ames. 



Abel Cottage 

Adams, Mary 

Albemarle 

Aldine, The 

Albion 

Allen, Laura M 

Arrowhead, The 

Balch House 

Brentford Hall 

Broadway House 

Brown ( 'ottaire 

Carleton House 

Cedar Blutf House.... 

Carlsbad, The 

Clarendon Hotel 

Cole, Miss C. A 

Collins Cottage 

Columbian Hotel 

Commercial Hotel 

Congress Hall 

Continental Hotel 

Davardo, The 

Deuel, Mrs. W. B 

Elinhurst 

Elm wood Hall 

Euipire Hotel 

Everett House 

Excelsior Spring Hotel 

Fairview House 

Farrell, Nath 

Fitchburg House 

Fitz Gerald, Mrs. J. C. 

Foley House 

Franklin House 

Gem Hotel 

Grand Union Hotel. .. 

Hall, Mrs. H. C 

HalTs Lake House 

Healey, Mrs. J. J 

Holden House 

Ho. American-Adelphi 

Hotel Imperial 

Hotel Todd 

Rowland House 

Hoyt House 

Hubbard, Mrs. C. A.. 

Huestis House 

Kensington 

Lafayette, The 

Likei- House 

Linden, The 

Linwood House 

^Innor House 

Marcii, Miss E. M.. 
^loon's Lake House 
Morcy's Lake Hous( 
O" Gorman, D 



Location. 



78 Spring St. 
49 Ilenrv^ St. 



Broadway 

So. Broadway & Circular St. 

72 Maple Avenue 

48PhilaSt 

Saratoga Lake 

North Broadway 

Nelson Avenue 

Broadway and Grove St 

Union Ave. and Circular St, 
Mai)le Ave. and Vandam St, 

Saratoga Lake 

Franklin Square 

Broadway and William Sts. 

1.50 Regent 

2>i Franklin St 

Broadway 

Church aiul Railroad Place. 

Broadway 

Washington St 

North Broadwav 

lOQPhilaSt.../. 

Warren St. and Middle Ave. 

Maple Ave... 

Maple Ave. and Rock St 

South Broadway 

Spring Ave. & Excelsior Sp. 

149 Maple Ave 

Lakewood 

109 Henry St 

135 Circular St 

South Broadway 

Church St 

("or. Putnam and Phila Sts. 

Broadwav 

lS-2 Caroline St 

Saratoga Lake 

eo Wooillawn Ave 

lircKidway 

Bioadway 

Church and Woodlawn Ave. 

Broadway 

North Broadway 

.5.5 Caroline Street 

74 Circular St 

South Broadway 

Union Ave 

Circular and Lafavette Sts.. 

Spring Sticet ." 

Maple .\ venue 

•,':5'.i Broadwav 

1 II I'.roadwav 

l-,'r> I'hila St.' 

Saratoga Lake 

Saratoga Lake 

20 and 22 West Congress St. 

32 



Ace. 



Projmetors. 



iMary Adams. 
70 B. F. Cover. 
75 E. M. Smith. 
50 K. M. Brennan. 
20 Laura M. Allen. 
50; Ben Riley. 
75' Mrs. W. S. Balch. 
40 Mrs. Hazen. 



50 

100 

50 

100 

400 

20 

200 
200 
1,000 
200 
100 



80 
100 
200 
100 

50 
25 

50 

100 

50 

1,500 

25 

25 

25 

100 

400 

50 

50 



G. S. Hine. 

Mrs. W. E. Brown. 

W. Crost. 

J. J. Levy. 

E. V. Deuell, M.D. 

Palmer & McDowell. 

Miss C. A. Cole. 

T. B. Scanlin. 
Jno. J. Wandell. 
H. S. Clement. 
S. M. Sterns. 

Mrs. W. B. Deuel. 

Emory Potter. 
S. O. Marsh. 
P. M. Suarez. 
Geo. C. Howe. 

N. Farrell. 
Mr. McCarthy. 
Mrs. J. C. Fitz Gerald. 
Mrs. Wall. 
.Mr. N. Y. Brintnall. 
Geo. H. Hefternen. 
Wool ley & Gerrans. 
Mrs. H. C. Hall. 
James Dougray. 
Mrs. J. .J. Healey. 
E. A. Smith. 
Geo. A. Farnham. 
G. W. Craven. 

Mrs. C. D. Howland. 

Marv Adams. 

Mrs." C. A. Hubbard. 

Mrs. M.B.Montgomery. 

Messrs. Bang. 

Tames M. Case. 

Mrs. Liker. 

Win. OBrien. 

S. ^L Van Deusen. 

A. H. Burnham. 

Miss E. M. March. 

Mr. Newman. 

Mr. R. Morey. 

D. O' Gorman. 



SAKATOCiA ILLUSTRATED. 
HOTELS AND BOARDING IIOl^SES IN SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



Name. 


Location. 


Arc. 

100 
40 

20 
30 

100 
20 
50 
50 

200 
40 

1.50 
50 

1,500 


Proprietors. 


Old Homestead 


44 Franklin St 


G. P. Spoon. 
E. J. Stannard 


Orient, The 


Cor. Siiring and Caroline.. . 
1 \\'asliingt,on St 


Piipineau Apartment. 
Park Honse 


Mrs. W. H.Corbin. 


1.5 Woodlawn Ave 


CD. Park. 




108 Circular St .' 


Miss D. A. Pierce. 


Putnam, The 


497 Broadway 


Mrs. L B Putnam 


Record Mrs M A 






Riiss House .... 


58 Putnam St 


C. C. Higgins. 
Dr. Comstock. 


Saint Faith's Hospital 
Schmidt, Mrs 


Seward St 


.54 Phila St 


Mrs. Schmidt. 


Scoville Honse 

Spencer House 


Henry and Phila Sts 

11 Woodlawn Ave..., 


Mrs. Collins. 
J. J. Hotaling. 
Dr. Strong. 
M E. Morse. 


Circular St 


Summer Rest 


75 and 77 Spring St. , . 


Sweeney's Hotel 

Temple Grove 

The Ma])les & Annex. 
The()ai<s 

United States Hotel.. 


18 Railroad Place 

Circular St 


J. P. Sweeney. 
F P. Dowd 


637-641 North Broadway. . . . 
Saratoga Lake 


Mrs. H. C. Stevens. 


Vermont House 


Maple Ave. and Grove St... . 
.58 Washington St 


120 
40 
250 

100 
100 
100 
100 
150 

60 

300 

100 

300 

50 


F. D. Thayer. 


Victoria Hotel 


194 Broadway 


To Let. 


Wall<cr Cottage...... 


53 Spring St 


S J. Walker 


Walworth ^Mansion 


North Broadway. . . 


Mrs F V Record 




33 Franklin St 


Mrs. W\ H. Waring. 
M L Burrows. 


Waslihurne House. .• 


H Washington St. 






A. J. Starr. 


Waverley Hotel 

Western Hotel 

Whccln- House 




Not open. 
C. H. Nims. 
W W Wheeler 


Church and Lawrence Sts. . . 
560 Broadway . . .... 


White Sulplmr Spring 

White's Cottage 

Windsor Hotel 

Woodhridge Hall 

Worden llouse 


Saratoga Lake . . . 


T. C. Luther. 


East Vandam St 


G. F. White. 


Broadway 

179 Soutli Broadway 


R. G. Smvth. 
T. S. Estabrook. 
W. W. Worden. 


Young, Mrs. J. M. R. 


■]1 Federal St 


Mrs. J. M. R. Young. 



32a 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Saint Faith's Hospital 

is located at the corner of Seward and Pearl Streets, on high, dry 
grounds, opposite a clean grove of oaks, where the air is as pure as 
any that floats. It supplies a long- felt want at Saratoga Springs, 
and affords the treatment of the modern, up-to-date, regular 
schools. Particular attention is paid to the cleanliness and 
healthfulness of the institution, and the rooms are kept scrupu- 
lously neat and are perfectly ventilated. The operating room is 
furnished with the latest and most approved appliances, equal to 
the best in the largest city hospitals. All apparatus and instru- 
ments are sterilized before use. The institution is equipped with 
the best appliances for hygienic treatment, and its bathing 
facilities comprise the latest and most approved varieties of 
baths, and appliances for modern methods of exercise and treat- 
ment. Nothing that will promote the proper treatment and 
tend to the cure of patients and patrons is lacking or withheld 
in this liberally equipped and conducted hospital. The manage- 
ment is under the supervision of some of the most skilled and 
successful medical practitioners, and persons requiring hospital 
treatment may confidently place themselves in the care and 
keeping of this institution feeling that they will receive the most 
skilful treatment that the most approved medical science can 
supply. No institution of similar character furnishes more 
efficient superintendence and is equipped with better nurses and 
attendants. 

Miss Grace Marvin Rene, the matron, is a graduate of 
Waltham Hospital, Waltham, Mass., post graduate of the 
Woman's Hospital of New York, and of the Emergency Hospital, 
of Washington, D. C. A corps of graduate nurses, in addition to 
the regular attendants, will be ready to answer any calls at 
hotels and residences, by the week, day or hour. This is a private 
institution and well deserves the high reputation it has attained. 
All persons are admitted except those with contagious diseases. 
Terms for rooms and treatment can be obtained of the matron 
at the hospital or of Dr. G. F. Comstock, the founder of the 
institution, at his office. No. 540 Broadway, Saratoga Springs, 
N. Y. 

81d 



i 



*: - 

03 ~. 







^4 



.-^ 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Saratoga Baths. 

This magnificent and luxurious bathing-house is situated a few 
steps east of Broadway on Phila Street, scarcely a block from the 
large hotels, and within two blocks of the numerous boarding 
houses of Saratoga. The building occupies Numbers 19 to 25 
Phila Street, having 75 feet front on Phila Street and extending 
north 175 feet. The front is of elegant carved massive bluestone 
and Roman brick, relieved by graceful terra cotta frieze and an 
imposing arched entrance. The interior of the building is most 
tastefully and luxuriously furnished, and its handsome tiled fire- 
place, with quaint brass andirons and rich oak over-mantel, the 
comfortable and stylish furniture, elegant portieres, and well- 
lighted reading-room, supplied with the latest illustrated papers 
and magazines, entice (lie most fastidious to its restful and charm- 
ing environment. The 13,000 feet of floor space is divided 
into departments for ladies and departments for gentlemen, 
equally furnished with sumptuous facilities for all kinds of baths, 
including Turkish, Kussian, Roman, needle, mineral, and plain 
baths of every kind. There are large swimnung barhs which 
aie free to patrons. The I'ooms are beautifully tiled and sup- 
plied with the best porcelain bathtubs. The finest appliances, 
the most skillful attendants, and the greatest natural advantages 
for mineral-water bathing are combined in this superb model 
bathing establishment. The mineral water is obtained from the 
famous old Putnam Spi'ing, whose curative powers have been so 
well known for generations. It has a remarkable tonic effect in 
restoring the skin to its natura-l condition and the pores to a 
healthy activity. It is very etfieacious in all affections of the 
epidermis, and in rheumatism, gout, and all kindred diseases. 
This valuable mineral water will be noticed bubbling over its 
globular crystal receiver, and spraying upon the marble slab sur- 
rounding it, in the reception-room near the entrance to the baths. 
The superb appliances, luxuriant furnishings, fastidious cleanli- 
ness, and masterly management of this magnificent bathing 
establishment easily give it the pre eminence over all others in 
this coimtry. It was built and is owned and managed by Mr. 
H. M. Levengston, jr., of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

32b 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

ANALYSIS OF "OLD PUTNAM MINERAL SPRING WATER 
AT "SARATOGA BATHS," AS TAKEN BY MYSELF 
ON JUNE 3()TH, 1891. 



USED 



Temperature of the spring, 50 F. Water clear and .sparkling. Pleasant 
Contains in one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches the 



acidulous taste 

following : 

Chloride of Sodium . . .210.9000 grains 

(Jhloride of Potassium 2.2980 " 

Bromide of Sodium .. 1.2790 " 

Iodide of Sodium 0817 " 

Fluoride of Calcium... trace 
Nitrate of Ammonia . ..4926 " 

Nitrate of Potassa .5885 " 

Nitrites none 

Albumoid Ammonia. . none 

Phosphate of Soda 0090 

Sulphate of Potassa... .7490 

Biborate of Soda trace 

Bicarbonate of Lithia. 1.9C50 " 



Bicarbonate of Soda.. . 19.8500 grains. 
Bicarbon. of Magnesia 63.1100 
Bicarbonate of Lime. . 109.4000 
Bicarbonate of Baryta 1.1300 
Bicarbonate of Stroiitia trace 
Bicarb, of Manganese. 1.3790 " 
Bicarbonate of Iron ... 1.0750 " 

Alumina .1103 

Silica 2.3260 " 

Organic Matter none 



Total 416.7431 



Carbonic Acid, 405.143 cubic inches per gallon. 

MAURICE PERKINS, Ph.D.. 
Professor of Chemistry in Union College and of Chemical 
Phil., etc., in the Albany Medical College. 
32c 




COURT OF GRAND UNION HOTEL. 



CHAPTER V. 



THE SPRINGS. 



• Scientific and medical writers, during the many years that 
the Mineral Springs of Saratoga have been known, have fully 
reported upon their history, probable origin, and their chemical 
properties. A vast fund of iiiformation has been collected for 
the benefit of invalids and others who visit them, and the total 
result may be examined in such detail as seems useful and desir- 
able. Saratoga Springs, as a popular resort, has steadily grown 
in favor from year to year; and its magnificent prosperity must 
have some substantial and enduring foundation, or it would have 
faded into obscurity long since, before the unreasoning caprice 
of fashion. Its, springs are the secret of its success. Its min- 
eral waters flow in exhaustless abundance from year to year, and, 
though immense quantities are sent in barrels and bottles to 
every State and throughout Europe, they run to waste in count- 
less thousands of gallons. Upon these free-flowing rivers, bub- 
bling from the hillside, or spouting in snow-white fountains half 
a hundred feet into the air, Saratoga has built her faith and her 
hotels, and has not been disappointed. While the waters flow, 
Saratoga will flouiish and bloom in all the glory of splendid 
palaces. Added to these are the natural beauties of the place, 
and the quite as pleasing results that have sprung from mingled 
art and nature. 

The valley in which the springs are found extends in a crescent 
shape from Ballston Spa to Quaker Springs, a distance of some 
seventeen miles. The village of Saratoga Springs is located in 
the very center of this valley, and includes all the most valuable 
and the most varied of these natural fountains. 

The number of these springs is constantly increasing, and in 
no place i!i the world have there been developed so many and so 
great a variety of valuable natural mineral waters. 

33 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Source of the Springs. 

Scientists have spent much time in trying to determine the 
origin or source of these waters. Rain water is the usual source 
of spring waters. It soaks down through porous soils and rocks 
till it meets clay, or harder rocks, impervious to fluids. It 
then, often under great pressure, follows such outlets as it 
may find, and eventually escapes upward to the surface through 
some fault or riCt in the rocks. On its way it absorbs saline 
and other mineral substances and gases, and, loaded with them, 
it reaches the surface, charged in varying proportions, and 
having a fixed character as mineral water. These proportions 
do not change materially ; and from year to year the waters flow 
unchanged, and produce on all who drink of them the same 
general effects. 

A good authority on the geological aspect reports that "the 
northern half of Saratoga County is occupied by elevated ranges 
of Laurentian rocks. The Potsdam, Calciferous. and Trenton 
beds border upon the Laurentian, and appear in parallel bands 
through the central part of the county. In the southern part 
they are covered by slate rocks. 

" The Laurentian rocks, consisting of highly crystalline gneiss, 
granite, and syenite, are almost impervious to water, while the 
overlying Potsdam is very porous, and capable of holding large 
quantities. The spouting springs and deep wells in the southern 
part of the county — Geyser, Ballston. etc. — are found in the 
Potsdam sandstone, which, being covered in these places by the 
slate rocks and shales, is of great depth." 

From the surface downwards the strata are as follows : 1. 
Hudson River and Utica shales and slates ; 2. Trenton lime- 
stone ; 3. Calciferous sand rock ; 4. Potsdam sandstone ; 5. Lau- 
rentian formation of unknown depth. Of these the Laurentian 
alone is impervious to water, and forms the bottom or floor of 
the cistern which feeds the springs. The dip of the strata is to 
the south. In the northern part of the county are elevated 
ranges of Laurentian rock ; thence going southward the suc- 
cessive strata crop out parallel to one another, until the village 
of Saratoga is reached. Here a fault occurs, the rocks being 

34 




MONUMENT ERECTED TO THE UNION SOLDIERS OF 
SARATOGA SPRINGS IN THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



Monument Square. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

fissured to a great depth, ai.d the strata to the south of the fissure 
being elevated above the t-orresponding rocks on the northern 
side of the cleft. The water percolating through the more 
porous strata, and finding its way southward along the floor of 
Laurentian rock, is checked here, and the surplus forcefl to the 
surface. The various springs are the outlets of this obstructed 
water, and their peculiarities and differences are doubtless ac- 
quired from the rock and soil through which they reach the 
surface. 

The carbonic acid gas held in the water doubtless aids it in 
finding an outlet to the surface. Being confined under pressure 
it seeks to escape, and brings the water with it. If shut off 
for a moment, the gas will collect in the top of the pipe-wells 
in such quantities and under such pressure as to blow a steam- 
whistle. These geological facts have led to the supposition that 
the waters can be obtained by boring through the slates to the 
underlying sandstone, and in the case of some of the springs 
this has proved tnie, and remarkable supplies have been ob- 
tained. 

The Temperature of the Water 

docs not vary more than a degree or so in the year, and, in the 
case of the Congress and Columbian, is 49° Fahr. Otiier springs 
are slightly lower or higher, and all are cool and agreeable in 
wavm weather. 

The Appearance and Properties of the Water. 

When first dipped from the wells, the water is limpid and 
pearly, and full of bubbles. That from the spouting wells gushes 
forth in creamy whiteness, and resembles soda-water in color and 
action. The gas quickly escapes, and the still water has a won- 
derful purity. When allowed to stand open in a glass or un- 
corked bottle, the transparent water becomes cloudy, a fine white 
skin forms on the surface, and. in a time, a reddish-brown precipi- 
tate is formed. A glass left empty, and not properly wiped dry, 
becomes coated with a white film of salts ; and round the base of 
the spouting wells a white incrustation soon forms on the ground 
where the spray shivers and spatters on the stones. Left to 

35 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

stagnate on the ground, the water soon becomes covered with a 
mineral fihn, that shines with metallic luster and colors, and re- 
sembling the tints formed by coal-oils on water. The brook and 
marsh near the Star Spring show many samples of this curious 
natural deposit. In cooking, the spring waters are worse than 
useless. 

The first taste of the waters is not always agreeable. After 
the first taste, the water becomes exceedingly enjoyable, and one 
is tempted to indulge very freely in the pungent, acidulous, and 
salty mixture. The subsequent effects resemble those of soda- 
water, and, if a large quantity is taken, there follows a sense of 
fullness, perhaps a slight giddiness in the head and a desire for 
sleep. These symptoms are only slight, and are soon removed by 
the discharges that follow ; and afterward there comes increased 
appetite and a feeling of comfortable serenity that is very satis- 
factory. The various waters, when fresh, have a slightly differ- 
ent taste, and after due experiment one can readily discriminate 
between them. The iron waters have a slightly inky flavor, and 
some others leave a sweet taste in the mouth. The gas that bub- 
bles from the surface of the water is fatal to animal life if taken 
in too large quantities, and it is said that fish cannot live in the 
watei'. A whiff of the gas blown in one's face acts as hartshorn, 
and gives a prickling sensation to the nose. The gas, though 
suffocating to the lungs when inhaled, is harmless in the water. 

The Commercial Value. 

Property in minei-al springs is costly. They are difficult to 
manage, they demand many thousands to properly tube them, and 
a good bottling plant involves a very large outlay. The more 
recent wells that have been bored ai-e somewhat less expensive, 
but even a small tube costs $6 a foot, and, as some of the pipes 
are three or four hundred feet deep, it is easy to see that mineral 
springs, at the best, are expensive pieces of property. Most of the 
spi'ings are owned and managed by joint-stock companies, with 
a capital stock varying from a hundred thousand to five hun- 
dred thousand and even a million dollars. Some springs have 
proved anything but fountains of financial joy to their owners. 

36 




THE MORNING DlilNK AT THK CONGTvES 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Thousands of dollars have slipped into the salty tubes and never 
come back again. Other springs waste their acidity on the desert 
sand, and only dogs and cattle drink their slime-covered waters. 
The only profit that results from the springs is found in the sale of 
tlie water, in bottles and barrels, in distant places. At Saratoga 
Springs one may drink all he pleases, and carry it away by the 
pailful for the asking, for a small fee. Pleasant pavilions with 
seats surround most of the springs. The development of the 
spring- water business has been very large, in spite of the disasters 
that have overtaken some of the spring companies. The demand 
for pure natural mineral waters is steadily increasing. People are 
fast learning the difference between the unwholesome compounds 
mixed in city cellars, with marble dust, gas, and sea-water salts, 
and the pure, limpid, and pearly waters that here spring up to 
the sunlight from Nature's great laboratory. There has been a 
sharp contest between the chemical waters and the spring waters, 
and intelligent people are rapidly learning their respective merits, 
and are becoming cautious which they drink. There is no need 
to be deceived, even in distant cities, as the protected trade- 
marks on the corks of all the bottles show the real spring waters 
of whatever kind, and this, with the marks on the boxes and 
bottles, ought to make one safe in buying a half-dozen, even if 
one lives in England, Australia, or California. Another impor- 
tant feature in this connection is the fact that no mixture, 
however skillfully put together, can exactly imitate the natural 
waters, nor can any mineral water from the chemists ever pro- 
duce so good results as the same quantity of true spring water. 
This is one reason why people liock to Saratoga S[)rings in such 
vast crowds. They wish to select for themselves, and to use their 
own particular goblets, and to know certainly whereof they drink, 
and to bathe in the natural mineral waters drawn fresh from the 
springs. 

Concerning the chemical and medical properties of the Sara- 
toga waters, a trustworthy authority may be quoted: "The 
principal constituents which give the special character to the 
cathartic springs are bicarbonates of magnesia and soda, and 
chloride of sodium ; the tonic waters, bicarbonate of iron ; the 
alterative waters, iodide of sodium, chloride of potassium and 

37 




CATHEDRAL ARCH OF AMERICAN ELMS, GRAND UNION HOTEI* 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

sodium, etc. : the diuretic waters, bicarbonate of lithia and pro- 
toxide of hydrogen. 

" CARBONIC ACID, 

" The spirit of the springs, not only contributes to the solubility 
of the salts contained in the waters, but also renders them more 
})alHtablc and more agreeable to the stomach. It is the perfect 
solution of the ingredients which renders the water valuable. 
When once the gas has been di-iven off, and the water evaporated, 
ten times the quantity of rain water will not re-dissolve the 
salts. The strongest chalybeates of Europe are the least used, 
because they lack ^as, and are hence heavy and unpalatable. 
The strongest known in the whole world, the Aqua Ferrara de 
Kio, in the Island of Elba, is entirely useless for medicinal pur- 
poses. The mineral waters of Saratoga contain more gas than 
any of the spas of Germany. 

'' Carbonic acid, being united with the vegetable alkali, forms 
our common saleratus ; hence the reason why our cooks furnish 
a well-raised cake, merely by mixing flour with a solution of pot- 
ash and sour milk. Here the acid of the milk, from a greater 
' attraction,' joins itself to the alkali, liberating the carbonic acid 
gas, which, being driven off by the heat, puffs up every particle 
of dough. In the same way foaming lemonade, more delicious 
than soda, is made by adding lemon juice to the mineral waters 
of Saratoga. 

" In mineral waters, carbonic acid is found in tlii'ee different 
states. It is either 'bound' to certain bases, with which it 
foi'nis carbonates — from these the gas does not escape when it 
is heated — or it is 'half-bound' or 'fixed,' forming sesquicar- 
bonates or bicarbonates, from which compounds part of the gas 
is disengaged as soon as the water comes in contact with the air. 
and siill more rapidly when it is heated ; so that, cei'tain salts, 
only toluble as bicarbonates. ai.d insoluble as carbonates, are pre- 
cipitated as soon as tlie sui-plus atoms of carbonic acid are gone. 
Finally, it is contained in the waters ' free,' as gas, which escapes 
at the oi-dinary temperature, as soon as the water rises out of the 
earth, and the pressure under which it was held in the inleiior 
ceases. 

88 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

" Before a storm, it has been noticed that more ^i^as is evolved, 
because the density of the air afEects the atmospheric pressure. 

"The gas seems only to travel through some of the springs, 
while others are very firmly impregnated with it. 

" BiCAEBONATE OF MAGNESIA is a mild laxative and a good 
palliative in acid or sour stomach, heartburn, and sick headache, 
especially if the person is constipated, 

" Bicarbonate of soda first diminishes the secretions, and 
subsequently increases them, the urine being most susceptible to 
its influence. It increases the alkalinity of the blood and of the 
secretion, and some physiologists tell us that it reduces the quan- 
tity of fibrin in the blood. 

" Carbonate of iron increases the number of red corpuscles 
in the blood, stimulates the appetite, and excites the heart's 
action. It has a tendency to constipate. 

"Chloride of sodium forms part of every tissue of the body 
except, perhaps, the enamel of the teeth. It increases the solu- 
bility of the albumen of the blood, and prevents a too rapid de- 
struction of the red corpuscles. It increases the flow of the gas- 
tric juice and bile, and promotes the interchange of the fluids in 
the body, which physiologists call osmosis. It augments the 
quantity of urine secreted. It is also known to exercise a marked 
influence on the growth of the hair. When an animal does not 
receive a proper quantity of salt, the hair becomes rough and 
wiry. In too large quantities it causes irritation of the stomach 
and intestines. 

"Chloride of potassium is common to the blood and to cer- 
tain tissues, as the muscles and the red disks, while the chloride 
of sodium exists in the serum. Congress Water contains twenty- 
six grains of chloride of potassium, a similar pro[)ortion to that 
found in the blood. Its medicinal action is analogous to that 
of chloride of sodium. 

"The other important ingredients are bicarbonate of lithia, 
the iodides and bromides, the bicarbonate of lime, etc. The 
great problem among physicians is how to cause their medicines 
to be absorbed when taken into the system. Many of the in- 
gi'edients of mineral springs would be almost inert in a state of 
powder, but when held in solution in mineral water are admitted 

39 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

to the inner coats of all the blood-vessels, and are powerful 
alteratives of the entire system, as the experiments of Dr. Beau- 
mont have clearly shown. 

" There are two methods of testing an agent that is to be in- 
troduced into the materia medica, viz.: By careful watching and 
recording the therapeutical etfects of the article on individuals, 
and by chemical analysis. The latter criterion is probably a 
more fallacious guide than is generally supposed. How often 
has the practitioner been surprised at the augmented or dimin- 
ished effect of some off-hand combination, that would be wholly 
unlooked for by estimating the separate agency of each article. 
So of mineral waters. Chemical analysis cannot decide the exact 
medicinal effects of a new spring, independently of a faithful 
observation of its operations ; for many medicines, such as oxide 
of iron, carbonate of ii'on, phosphorus, etc., pass through the 
alimentary passages with very little absorption. 




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SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Medicinal Action 



of mineral waters differs in almost every respect from that of 
catliartics and diuretics, or eliminators, in the materia medica. 
Medicines frequently act by counter-irritation, curing one organ 
by exciting and ii-ritating another. Ordinary cathartics, diuretics, 
and diaphoretics are composed of substances foreign to the sys- 
tem, and they act partly by their poisonous effects. The most 
important ingredients of the Saratoga waters are natural to the 
body, and are also powerful oxidizers of the disintegrated tis- 
sues, carrying out of the body the waste matter. Mineral waters 
are similar to the blood, minus its organic constituents, and are 
true restorative medicines, as well as powerfid modifiers of the 
tissues themselves; and these properties, and their gentle mode 
of action, constitute no small degree of their extraordinary merit. 

' ' Saratoga water is a cholagogue in its properties — that is, it 
stimulates the action of the liver and promotes the excretion of 
bile. Certain matters are secreted by that organ, which, if al- 
lowed to remain in the system, produce such diseases as jaun- 
dice. A great number of intestinal diseases and blood disorders 
are associated with derangements of the functions of the liver. 

"The waters are not only laxative or aperient, but are also 
diuretic, antacid, deobstruent, alterative, and tonic. 

" They increase the force of tlie heart and arteries, promote 
digestion, favor the action of the nutrient vessels, increase the 
peristaltic movement of the bowels, cleanse the system through, 
tlie granular organs, and impart strength and vigor." 

The Diseases Affected by the "Waters 

are numerous. To give a list in detail would be useless and 
confusing, and perhaps harmful. There is but one course to 
pursue in drinking the spring waters for the health's sake. 
Consult a resident physician, let him make a diagnosis of your 
case, and, under his advice, select the particular spring of most 
value to you, and govern yourself, in all things, by his experience 
and acquaintance with the waters. The medical staff of Saratoga 
Springs is excellent, and one may rely on their ability to assist 

43 



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SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

and direct. A groat injiny poople niako tlio mistake, upon their 
first visit to Saralopi, Springs, of di-inking proiniscuoiisly at a 
number of springs, and in sueii large quantities as to prove actu- 
ally injurious rather than beneficial. To receive benefit from a 
use of these waters, they must be used discreetly and judiciously, 
and not to excess. Above all, do not be led away by the gratuitous 
advice of persons who have been benefited by these waters, but 
who are not possessed of sufficient medical knowledge to give a 
reason for their belief in any particular spring. 

Concerning the directions for their use, much the ^ame thing 
maybe said. As well try to give advice in making prescriptions 
for the general piiblio. Each user of these healing waters must, 
in a measure, be a law unto himself. To drink any and all of 
the waters would be simply unreasonable. Seek proper advice, 
and then follow it, and be not led aside by the enthusiasm of 
some invalid who, having been restored to health by some par- 
ticular spring, thinks it a cure for all diseases, whether they are 
allied to his special case or not. To persons in perfectly good 
health the waters do no particular harm, even if indulged in 
freely. At the same time, there is reason in all things, and if 
one is really unwell, there is but one thing to do— consult a 
medical man. 

The late Dr. Steel wrote, in 1837 : "The waters are so gener- 
ally used, and their effects so seldom injurious, particularly to 
persons in health, that almost every one who has ever drank of 
them assumes the prerogative of directing their use to others. 
Were these directions always the result of careful experience 
and observation, they would be less objectionable ; but there are 
numerous persons who flock about the springs without any 
positive knowledge of the composition and effect of the waters, 
who contrive to dispose of their directions, many times to the 
detriment of those who desire to be benefited, but who are thus 
disappointed in the use of the water." 

In speaking of the springs in detail, the most important and 
best-developed springs will be more fully described, and the 
others of less importance will be briefly located and mentioned. 

44 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Congress Spring*. 

This spring is located in Congress Spring Park, opposite the 
southern end of Congress Hall. There is an artistic and very 
beautiful pavilion built over it to protect visitors from sun and 
rain. The principal entrance to the spring-house is at the grand 
entrance to the Park, near Broadway. On entering the Park, 
turn to the left, pass along the arbor-like colonnade to the pavil- 
ion about the spring, where seats are provided, and the spring 
water, driven to the surface, and sparkling and bubbling in the 
two globular crystal receivers by the force of its own natural 
carbonic acid gas, is served upon small tables by the attend- 
ants. Visitors will find this method of obtaining the waters far 
more agreeable than the old way followed at the other springs, 
as they can partake leisurely while seated, without being jostled 
by the crowd, and enjoy the beautiful view of the Park and 
the delightful music by the Park Band. By descending a 
few steps to the east, along the colonnade to the cafe, hot 
coffee and other refreshments may be obtained at moderate 
prices. The waters of the Congress and Columbian springs are 
supplied free to all visitors of the Park. Admission to the Park 
is regulated by tickets, for which a merely nominal charge is 
made. All the attractions of the Park are open to visitors who 
pay the entrance fee. 

Congress Spring is more generally known and used than any 
of the other Saratoga springs, and has probably effected more 
cures of the diseases for which its waters are a specific than any 
other mineral spring in America. It was discovered in 1792. 
The waters were first bottled for exportation in 1823, by Dr, 
John Clarke, of New York, who purchased the spring from the 
Livingston family, who held it under an ancient grant. The 
property was purchased of Dr. Clarke's executors in 1865, by 
the Congress Spring Company, the present proprietors. In 1892 
the Congress Spring was thoroughly retubed with iron tubing 
sunk to a great depth, and all impure and surface waters were 
effectually excluded from the spring water. This has greatly 
improved the Congress Water, audit has thus attained its pristine 
purity and efiicacy. 

The medicinal effects of Congress Water have been tested for 
45 




CONGRESS SPRING FAVIUON. 

SR£CTBI>, Z87& 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

nearly a century, and its use is prescribed by physicians, with the 
utmost confidence, after long knowledge of its great efficacy, and 
the entire comfort and safety with which it may be used. To pro- 
fessional men and others whose occupations are sedentary, and to 
all sufferers from the various forms of bilious disorders, it is in- 
valuable. It contains of the laxative salts (chloride of sodium 
and bicarbonate of magnesia) enough to render its effects certain 
without tlie addition or use of cathartic drugs ; and it produces 
free and copious evacuations without in any manner debilitating 
the alimentary canal or impairing the digestive powers of the 
stomach. At the same time it does not contain an excess of 
those salts, the presence of which in the cruder mineral waters, 
native and foreign, often renders them drastic and irritating, 
producing very serious disorders. 

The following analysis by the eminent chemist, Prof. Leverett 
Mears.. Ph D., of Williams College, who recently analyzed the 
Congress Spring Water, certifies to its chemical properties, supe- 
rior excellence, and valuable qualities. 

AN^ALYSIS OF CON^GRESS SPRING WATER, 

BY LEVERETT MEARS, PH.D., 

Professor of Chemistry. 

Williams College Chemical Laboratory, Mass., 

February 10, 1892. 
Congress Spring Company : 

Gentlemen : I have examined the- specimen of water taken 
from the Congress Spring under my inspection, with the follow- 
ing results : 

Grains in one United States gallon of 231 cubic inches. 
Bicarbonate of Baryta 



and Strontia 0.96? grains. 

Bicarbonate of Iron 0.734 '' 

Iodide of Sodium 0.243 " . 

SnlpliJite of Pota^^.sa .... 0.457 " 

Siiici 0.671 " 

Alumina 0.046 " 



Cliloride of Sodium .550.852 grains. 

Chloride of Potassium . 26.134 " 

Bromide of Sodium 9.653 " 

Bicarlionateof Soda.... 10.951 
Bicarbonate of Mag- 
nesia 138.114 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime. . . .149.820 " 
Bicarbcmate of Litliia... 5.321 '" 

Total 893 963 grains. 

Carbonic Acid Gas 536.8 cubic inche.s. 

It should be remembered that this water is never sold in bar- 
rels. Genuine Congress Water is sold only in bottles. In this 
form it is sent to almost every part of the world. 
'46 



Sik!RATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Columbian Spring. 

This Spring is located in Congress Spring Park, j ust west of the 
park entrance and a little nearer Broadway. It is covered by a 
beautifnl and artistic pavilion, and is approached through the 
park entrence to the right, or down a few steps from Broadway, 
opposite Columbian Hotel. The Spring is owned by the Con- 
gress Spring Company. It is a fine chalybeate mineral water, 
and possesses singularly active properties in certain diseases. 

It is said to be especially valuable in liver complaints, dyspepsia, 
erysipelas, and all cutaneous disorders. As a tonic water for fre- 
quent use, no spring in Saratoga is so popular as the Columbian. 

The water is recommended to bo drank in small quantities fre- 
quently during the day, generally preceded by the use of the ca- 
thartic waters taken before breakfast. Only from one-half to 
one glass should be taken at a time. When taKen in large quan- 
tities, or before breakfast, a peculiar headache is experienced. 

The proper use of this water will strengthen the tone of the 
stomach, and tend to increase the red particles of the blood 
which, according to Liebeg, perform an important part in respi- 
ration. Though containing but 5.58 grains of iron in each gallon, 
this water has a perceptible iron taste in every drop. Is it much 
to be wondered at, then, that a mineral which has so great a 
power of affecting the palate should possess equally potent influ- 
ence upon the whole system ? The happy medicinal effects of 
these iron waters seem to consist, to some extent, in the minute 
division of the mineral properties, so that they are readily taken 
into the system. The water is exported largely, and descriptive 
pamphlets, containing full directions for drinking the water, may 
oe obtained at the Company's office opiDosite Congress Spring. 

ANALYSIS OF COLUMBIAN WATER, BY PROF. E. EMMONS. 

Specific gravity 1007.3. Solid and gaseous contents as follows: 
Chloride of Sodium . . . .267.00 grains. 



Bicarbonate of Soda 15.40 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 46 71 
Hydriodate of Soda 2. 56 



Carbonate of Lime 68.00 grains. 

Carbonate of Iron 5.58 " 

Silex 2.05 

Hy'o-Bro'ate of Pot. scarcely a trace. 



Solid contents in a gallon ... 407.30 grains 

Carbonic Acid C.as 272.C6 inches. 

A-tmospheric Air ^•''O 

276.56 inches. 
47 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Empire Spring. 
This spring is one of the best in Saratoga, It is located in the 
north part of the shallow valley that runs through the village. 
To reach it from Congress Hall, follow Broadway north to the 
first street north of Town Hall ; then to the right, then left, 
through Front street, down the hill, to the large bottling-house at 
the foot of the hill. This spring is in a pavilion before the build- 
ing. For full information concerning this spring, call at the office. 
Although the existence of mineral water in this locality was 
known for a long time, it was not until 1846 that any one thought 
it worth the necessary expense of excavation and tubing. The. 
rock was struck twelve feet below the surface of the earth, and so 
copious was the flow of water that the tubing proved to be a work 
of unusual difficulty. When once accomplished, the water flowed 
in great abundance and purity. It soon attracted the attention 
of medical men, and was found to possess curative properties 
which rendered it available in diseases which had not before been 
affected by Saratoga waters. It has proved itself adapted to a 
wide range of cases, especially of a chronic nature, and its pecu- 
liar value is recognized by eminent medical men. 

The Empire Spring Water is a great favorite with many 
people, being preferred for its positive medicinal efl'ects. It now 
receives the most thoughtful and systematic patronage. In flavor, 
agreeable medicinal effects and bottling qualities the Empire water 
is unsurpassed. From its long and successful use it can safely be 
classed as a very reliable and valuable mineral spring water. 

AN^ALYSIS OF EMPIRE SPRIN^G WA.TER. 

BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. 

One United States gallon of 231 cubic inches contains : 



Chloride of Sodium .50t).(j30 grains. 

Chloride of Potassium 4.292 " 

Bicarb, of Magnesia 42.953 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime 109.656 " 

Bicarbonate of Lithia 2.080 

Bicarbonate of Soda 9.022 " 

Bicarbonate of Baryta 0.075 " 

Bicarbonate of Iron 0.793 " 

Bicarbonate of Strontia, a trace. 



Bromide of Sodium 0.266 grains. 

Iodide of Sodium 0.006 " 

Sulpliate (if Potassa 2.769 " 

Phosphate of Soda 0.023 

Silica 1.145 " 

Alumina 0.418 " 

Fluoride of Calcium, j 

Bi borate of Soda, > each a trace. 

Organic Matter, ) 



Total 680.436 grains. 

Carbonic Acid , 344.699 cubic in. 

48 



SARATOGA ILLTJSTEATED. 



Excelsior Spring, 

Is found in a beautiful valley, amid picturesque scenery, about a 
mile east of the town hall, and near the centre of Excelsior Park. 
The principal park entrance is on Lake Avenue, half a mile from 
Circular street, or we may approach it by Spring Avenue, which 
will lead us past most of the principal springs, and the Lough- 
berry Water Works with its famous Holly Machinery, by which 
the village is supplied with an abundance of the purest water 
from the Excelsior Lake. Leaving the Water Works, we see just 
before us, as the avenue bends towards the Excelsior Spring, the 
fine summer hotel known as the Mansion House. Surrounded 
by its grand old trees and beautiful lawn, it offers an inviting 
retreat from the heat and dust of our crowded cities. 

The spring is covered by a very tasteful pavilion, which will be 
noticed just east of the little stream, and in front of the large 
bottling house beside the grove. The Union Spring is a little 
northwest of the Excelsior, and but a few steps removed. This 
valley, in which these two springs are situated, was formerly 
known as the " Valley of the Ten Springs," but the present 
owners, after grading and greatly beautifying the grounds, 
changed its name in honor of the spring to Excelsior Park. 

The Excelsior Spring has been appreciated for i's valuable 
qualities by some of the oldest visitors of Sarato^;. for at least 
half a century. Many noted cures, among the older residents of 
the town, were effected by the use of this water before it was 
introduced to the general public. The water, however, was not 
much known to the public until 18r»9, when Mr. H. H. Lawrence, 
the former owner, and grandfather of the present proprie- 
tor, retubed the Spring in the most thorough manner — the tubing 
extending to a depth of fifty-six feet, eleven of which are in the 
solid rock. By this improvement the water flows with all its 
properties undeteriorated, retaining from source to outlet its 
original purity and strength. For several years the Excelsior 
Spring water has steadily increased in public favor, until now its 
sale has become very large, and it is to be found on draught, 
or in bottles, in nearly all the principal cities and towns of 
the United States. 

4Q 



%D^, 




SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Union Spring, 

near the center of Excelsior Park, is about ten rods northwest of 
Excelsior Spring. It was originally known as the "Jackson" 
spring, and is described under that name by Dr. John H. Steele 
in his work on the Mineral Waters of Saratoga and Ballston, pub- 
lished by Dr. Steele at Albany in 1819. The water was, how- 
ever, but imperfectly secured until the present proprietors had 
the spring retubed in 1868. The water of the Union Spring acts 
as a mild cathartic when taken before breakfast. Drank at other 
times during the day it is a very agreeable and healthy beverage. 
Prof. C. F. Chandler, the distinguished chemist, says: "This 
water is of excellent strength. It is specially noticeable that the 
ratio of magnesia to lime is unusually large, which is a decided 
advantage. The water is also remarkably free from iron, a fact 
which is a great recommendation." The water is put up in bot- 
tles for shipping to any part of the world. It is also sold in- 
Lawrence's Patent Reservoirs (barrels lined with pure block tin , 
containing about thirty gallons each. The reservoirs are very 
strong and perfectly gar; light, and retain the water with all its 
natural Carbonic Acid Gas. From these reservoirs the water can 
be forced out, under atmospheric pressure, in its natural con- 
dition, sparklingwith Carbonic Acid Gas as it flows from the spring 
at Saratoga, in the same manner in which the Excelsior water on 
draught is so very widely and favorably known. 

ANALYSIS OF THE UNION SPRING WATER, 
BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. 

Laboratory of the School of Mines, Columbia College, \ 
Neiv York, .March 26, lo7 ;. j 
The sample of Mineral "Water taken from the Union Spkinu, Saratoga, eo:j' 
tains in one U. S. Gallon of 231 cubic inches: 

Chloride of Sodium 458.299 grains, 

Ci:luride of Potassium.. . 8.7:J3 " 

Bromioe of Sodium 1.307 " 

Iodide of Sodium 0.039 •' 

Fluoride of Calcium trace. 

Bicaibonuteof Lilhia 2.«05 

Bicarbonate of Soda 17 010 " 

Bicrbonate of Magnesia. 109.f;b'5 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime 9().703 " 

Bicarljonate of Strontia.. trace. Total Solid Contents. 701. 174 grain.s 

Carbonic Acid Gas in one gal., 384.9fi9 cubic inches. Temp., 48 deg. F. 
52 



Bicarbonate of Baryta. 


1.703 grains 


Bicarbonate of Iron... 


0.2,9 " 


Suliihate of Potassa... 


1.818 " 


Pliospliate. f Soda.... 


0.02() " 


Biborate of Soda 


trace. 


Alumina 


0.324 " 


Silica 


2.C53 " 


Organic Matter 


trace. 




HIGH SCHOOL BTTILDING. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



Facilities for Reaching- Excelsior Park. 

The drives to the Excelsior Spring and Park, by way of Lake 
and Spring Avenues, have already been described, but every 
visitor should know that there are other attractive ways of reach 
ing this most beautiful suburb of Saratoga. 

First, we must mention the advantages afforded the public by 
the Saratoga Lake Railway and its Excelsior Spring Station, by 
which the sojourner at Saratoga is enabled to go and return in a 
brief space of time, during any portion of the day. Then pedes- 
trians, and lovers of the picturesque, will find a WooDLA^D 
Walk at the termination of York Avenue, by following which in 
an easterly direction for about half a mile, among tall pines and 
other forest trees, they will reach the Excelsior Spring, in the 
central portion of the Park. Those wishing to return by a differ- 
ent route, or fatigued by their ramble, may avail themselves of 
the railroad to the village, or take the trip to Saratoga Lake. 
Besides this favorite woodland path to Excelsior Spring, Mr. 
Lawrence has opened a Bridle Path and Carriage Drive, enter- 
ing the woods at the intersection of East and York Avenues. 
The bridle path skirts the brow of the hill, affording occasional 
glimpses, through a framework of leaves, of the green meadows 
to the north, and the silvery surface of Loughberry Lake. Both 
the bridle path and the carriage drive bring out on Excelsior 
Spring Avenue, on the summit of the high hill, south of the 
Excelsior Spring. Here we have an extensive view to the 
east of the Green Mountains of Vermont, and the nearer hills of 
Washington County. N. Y. A little further on, as the carriage 
road reaches the brow of the hill, the lovely valley stretches be- 
fore us. If the rich glow of a summer sunset is still resting upon 
the distant hills, we shall be apt to feel that we have at last found 
the " Happy Valley." Below us lies the lovely vale once known 
as the "Valley of the Ten Springs." with its surrounding hill- 
sides adorned by pretty cottages. A little further to the north 
we behojd the hills of the Loughberry Lake, and still further 
beyond the granite elevations known as the Palmei'stown am) 
Kayaderosseras mountains, spurs of the great Adiroudacks. 

52a 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 




[eyser or ' ' Spouting' Spring " 

Is H most wonderful fountain of mineral 
water, discovered in 1870, and situated about 
one mile and a quarter southwest of the 
village of Saratoga Springs, in the midst of 
the beautiful region of landscape scenery 
now known as " Geyser Lake and Park." 
To reach it from Saratoga, follow Broadway 
south to Ballston Avenue, which branches 
off from Broadway in the south part of the 
village to the right, towards the south- 
west, and follow this avenue until it crosses the Del. and Hud. 
li.R.. when the large brick bottling- house with the world-wide 
inscription of " Geyser Spring " will be distinctly seen across the 
lake to the left. Follow the carriage road across the causeway 
turning to the left, and you will soon find yourself at the entrance 
of the spring and bottling-house, and in the midst of the most 
interesting- spring region of Saratoga. Visitors are most cordially 
welcomed to the spring and grounds by the proprietors, at all 
reasonable hours of the day, and perfect freedom is accorded to 
all visitors to drink the waters, inspect the work of bottling, and 
to stroll through the beautiful grounds surrounding the springs. 
As you enter the spring-house, directly in front of you, in the 
center of the building, is this marvelous spouting spring, sending 
forth a powerful stream of water to the very top of the building, 
which, in descending t > its surrounding basin, sprays into a 
thousand crystal streams, forming a beautiful fountain, ever- 
flowing, and charming to behold. 

In the center of the room is the artistical basin, about six feet 
square, and from the bottom rises an iron pipe. From this leaps, 
in fantastic dance, the creamy water of the spring. To allow it 
full play, there is an opening in the ceiling, and here it rises and 
falls, day and night, continually. At one side, a faucet, with a 
nase like a soda fountain, enables one to draw a glass. The water 
boils and bubbles out, mingled with bubbles of gas precisely like 
cream soda, and all who care may have a free drink. When the 
bubbles have escaped, the water has a wonderful pearly purity 
that tempts one to drink bountifully. A glass globe on the well 

53 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

curb has a stream of water dowing through it and escaping at th« 
top. This enables ns to see the thick stream of bubbling gas aa 
it rises through the water and makes an extremely pretty display. 
A large busineos is here carried on in bottling this valuable and 
delicious water, and visitors are shown all the processes in detail 

The orifice bored in the rock is five and a half inches in diame 
ter, and 132 feet deep. The rock formation consists of a strata 
of slate eighty feet thick, beneath which lies the strata of bird's-ey t 
limestone in which the mineral vein was struck. The orifice ia 
tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth o^ 
eighty-five feet, the object being to bring the water through th* 
soft sla':e formation, as the immense press are and force of the 
gas would cut the slate, thereby causing impurities in the water, 

Recently the present proprietors became convinced that a large 
percentage of the Carbonic Acid Gas shown by the phenomenoi; 
of spouting, was not present in the bottled water. They recently 
re-tubed the spring and put in the most approved Bottling Table. 
The result is that for the first time in the history of the Si3rinp 
all (he Natural Carbonic Acid Gas is retained to the bottled water, 
thereby adc mg much to its already high medicinal qualities, and 
making it an Excellent Table Watek, the water now being 
hijhly effervescent and the best mineral water known. 

Professor C. F. Chandlee, Ph. D., of Columbia College School 
of Mines, visited this spring a few weeks after its discovery, and 
the following analysis, made from water collected by him at that 
time, demonstrates the great value of the Geyser as ft medicinal 
spring: 

ANALYSIS OF ONE U. S. GALLON. 



Chloride of Sodium 562.080 grains. 

Chloride of Potassium... 24.634 " 

Bromide of Sodii-m 2.212 " 

Iodide of Sodium 0.248 " 

Fluoride of Calcium a trace. 

Bicarbonate of Li thia 9 004 

Bicarbonate of Soda 71 232 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 14'.).343 " 
Bicarbonate of Lime 168.392 " 



Bicarbonate of Strontia. -').425 grainso 

Bicarbonate of Baryta . 2.014 " 

Bicarbonate of Iron . . 0.979 " 

Sulphate of Potassa 0.318 " 

Phosphate of Soda trace. 

Biborate of Soda trace. 

Alumina trace. 

Silica 0.665 •* 

Organic Matter trace. 



Total solid contents £3l.54(» 

Carbonic Acid Gas in one U.S. Gal ,iS^ 082cuHcin 

Density , :»,011 

Temperature ..,,.., , 46° Fa>c 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

It may be noticed that the water is charged with medicinal 
and gaseous properties to a wonderful degree, its total solid con- 
tents being 991.546 grains. The amount of gas is excessive, and 
it is this that enables the water to hold in solution so great a 
proportion of minerals, and gives to it remarkable preservative 
properties when bottled, as well as imparts that mysterious power 
which forces the water from its silent cavern in the earth into the 
beautiful fountain of the spring. Its properties are permanent in 
any climate, and for an indefinite time. So long as kept corked 
and the bottle laid on the side, it retains its value unimpaired. 

As a medicinal agency its effects are marvelous. Testimonials 
from all quarters are received, bearing witness to its wonderful 
cures of diseases; especially in Cutaneous Diseases, or any of the 
various phases of Scrofula. It is used with telling effect in Kid- 
ney Disease, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Rheuma- 
tism, Acidity of Stomach, etc. It is a delightful beverage, and 
when taken as a cathartic leaves none of those unpleasant effects 
observable in the use of many other of the Saratoga waters. 

As an aperient or cathartic it should be used in the early morn- 
ing ; and, if in bottles, it should stand in the room so as not to 
be too cool. To give it more ready effect, raise the water to 
about blood-heat, or 90° Fahr. A pint bottle, or about two 
glasses, will usually be found sufficiently prompt and effective. 

As an alterative, the water should be drank cool, in small quan- 
tities. When taken with meals or at lunch, as an ordinary bev- 
erage, the system will retain the minerals with strengthening and 
stimulating effect. After wines or hearty eating, the water is a 
sure corrective, restoring the stomach to its natural condition, 
while relieving the system of uncongenial and injurious substances. 
It cures biliousness, corrects acidity of stomach, relieves nerv- 
ous or feverish irritation and headache, and a restless person may 
be induced to sleep by taking a glass of Geyser on retiring at 
night. Geyser Water also operates with excellent effect upon the 
Kidneys. The lithia found in this water is a specific for gravel 
or stone, and is effectual in dissolving the chalk or limestone and 
urate deposits in Rheumatism or Gout. Geyser Water is put up 
in pint and quart bottles, and in tin-lined barrels of thirty 
gallons each, and it may be found at any leading druggist's on 

55 




#.- 




"M 




o 

crq 

V 

X 




SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

the continent. In bottles, it is packed in cases of four dozen 
pints or two dozen quarts. 

The spring property is managed by a stock company, and 
the proprietors have adopted the name Geyser Spring Co. 
All orders should be addressed to the Geyser Spring Co., Sara- 
toga Springs. N. Y. The officers of the company are George 
A. Streeter, President; George E. Settle, Treasurer. The busi- 
ness of the Geyser Spring has increased rapidly since its dis- 
covery in 1870, and its waters are now sold everywhere. 

By passing through the door at the east end of the bottling 
house, we enter upon a piazza which overlooks the stream that 
dashes by the spring-house. Under the overhanging awning we 
may enjoy a very charming prospect. 

Geyser Park 

Embraces a tract of about 40 acres surrounding the Geyser 
Spring, and is open to visitors, who are invited, by numerous rustic 
chairs and settees, to enjoy the natural beauties of this charming 
vicinity. Ixeaving the spring-house by the rear door, we enter 
upon the ramble and follow the shady path down into the dell. 
From the rustic bridge is a pretty view of the waterfall near the 
spring-house, and in the vicinity are several springs of varied min- 
eral properties, more or less undeveloped, but indicating the great 
richness of this region in mineral waters. Returning to the 
spring-house, we may pass up the hill towards the west, and ob- 
tain a delightful view of tbe lake and park. From the sunynit of 
the slope to the westward the beautiful surroundings of this cele- 
brated locality are brought into view. Standing on the elevation, 
with our face to. the east, a charming prospect is spread before us. 
The large, beautiful green expanse, studded here and there with 
trees and cottages, and terminating with the Green Mountain 
range in the distant east, and the Greenfield Mountains in the 
west ; the silvery water expanding from small proportions into 
the dimensions of a beautiful lake, fringed with graceful foliage 
and shaded lawns; the limpid stream plunging over the fall and 
dashing down into the shaJed glen; the strong-arched causeway, 
and the spouting springs shooting their pearly-white waters into 
graceful fountains, all unite to form a charming landscape. 

{56 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Saratoga Carlsbad Spring 
Was discovered in 1886. It is an artesian well, sunk 283^ feet 
in the solid rock, and is tubed to a depth of 238 feet. This spring 
is located on a hill overlooking the valley 60 feet below, where 
the neighboring springs are situated. This elevation, and the 
tubing of the spring to so great a depth, prevent contamination 
by surface wash or drainage. 

The water is forced to the surface by the natural carbonic acid 
gas under a natural pressure of 35 pounds to the square inch, 
and is thrown to a height of 30 feet. 

The capacity is 6,000 gallons per day. The geological forma- 
tion at this point is 32 feet of loam and clay, followed by 180 
feet of slate rock, beneath which was found a stratum of lime- 
stone, in which the vein was discovered. 

Hamilton Spring. 

This spring is situated about thirty rods north of the Congress, 
immediately in the rear of Congress Eall. It was discovered by 
Mr. Gideon Putnam, one of the early settlers of the place, not 
long after the discovery of the Congress Spring, and named after 
the late General Hamilton. The waler, when first taken from 
the spring, is remarkably clear and sparkling. It is saline and 
acidulous to the taste, and when taken to the quantity of five or 
six half pints, is usually both cathartic and diuretic. 

The Hathorn Spring 

Is on Spring Street, directly opposite the north wing of Congress 
Hall. It was discovered in 1869 by some workmen employed in 
placing the foundation of the brick block which contains the 
beautiful ball-room of Congress Hall. It is named in honor of 
the Hon. H. H. Hathorn, who first developed the spring, and 
Duilt the famous Congress Hall Hotel. The spring was very 
securely tubed in 1872. at the large expense of $15,000. The 
Hathorn is one of the most valuable springs in Saratoga. Great 
quantities of water are bottled and sold in the leading towns and 
cities of the United States and Canada. The water contains 
888.03 grainsof solid contentsin a gallon, and combines chloride of 
sodium, the prevailing chemical element of all the Saratoga Spring 
waters, with bicarbonate of lithia, and other valuable properties 

57 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



Analysis of the Hathorn Spring Water. 



Chlorirle of Sodium 5(J9.<»fi8 s 

Chloride of Potassium 9.597 

Bromide of Sodium 1.584 

Iodide of Sodium 198 

Fluoride of Calcium a trace. 

Bicarbonate of Lithia .... 11.447 

Bicarbonate of So "a 4.288 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia . . 176.4(53 

B carbonate of Lime 17U.f)4(5 

Picarbonate of Strontia. . . a trace. 

picarbonace of Baryta 1.787 

picarbonate of Iron 1.128 



Sulphate of Potassa 

Phosphate ( if Soda 

Bi borate of Soda 


. . . none. 

.006 gra. 
. . a trace 


Akimina 

Silica 


.181 " 
1.2«)0 •' 


Organic matter 


. . a trace. 



Total solid contents.... SS8 4308 
Carbonic Acid Gas in 1 gal., o75.74?i 
inches. 

Den.«ity, 1.009. 



The High Rock Spring 
Js on Spring Avenue, near the Empire, Star and Seltzer, and is 
believed to be the first which was discovered in this vicinity. 
The peculiar mineral formation which gives its name is a great 




INTERIOR OF HIGH ROCK SPRING. 

cnrioaity. and early attracted the attention of Indian hunters &xid 
the white pioneers of American civilization. The water has 

58 



SARATOGA ILI-USTEATED. 

built a f'lirb for itself, the foundations of which must have been 
laid when the continent was in its infancy. The water being im- 
pregnated with particles of mineral substances, probably at first 
saturated the ground about the outlet of the spring. As the 
water evaporated, a S[)ecies of rock was fonned by the com- 
mingling of earth and mineral ; and the continual overflow of 
mineral water gradually built up the present curious dome- 
shaped rock, which is Sh feet high, and 23 feet 4 inches in cir- 
cumference, and looks like a miniature volcano. There is an 
Indian tradition that, many years ago, the water ceased to flow 
over the rock, owing to the displeasure of the Great Spirit. The 
water, however, remained within reach from the top, and the 
overflow probably found a way of escape through cracks which 
eventually have been stopped by deposits from the water. A 
handsome pagoda has been erected over the spring, and a bottling 
house near by contains the usual apparatus for preparing the 
water for market. It is said that the first white man who used 
these waters was Sir William Johnson, who was brought in the 
year 1767 through the wilderness, which then surrounded Saratoga, 
on a litter, and- drank the water a few weeks, when he was able to 
walk away without assistance. The High Rock Spring, which 
may therefore be looked upon as the father of all these healing 
waters, has stood the test of over a century. Its water is a su- 
perior tonic, and cathartic as well as alterative. It is useful in 
Rheumatism, Scrofula. Dyspepsia, Constipation, and is especially 
beneficial in its operation upon the kidneys and liver ; and in- 
deed it purifies and renovates the whole system, clearing and 
beautifying the complexion and prolonging life. 

The High Rock water cures Biliousness, corrects acidity of the 
stomach, and relieves nervous or feverish irritation and headache. 

Perhaps there is no class of mineral water drinkers who enjoy 
a visit to Saratoga so much, or who realize so fully and so speedily 
the benefits arising from drinking the water, as the class of per- 
sons known as "free livers." They suffer from functional dis- 
turbance arising from too much food. But when daily drinking 
the water they are wholly exempt from all inconvenience arising 
from such surfeit not only, but can use double the quantity of 
food and drinks previously taken, and experience no inconvenience 

59 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The acid products which follow such free living under othe* 
circumstances, and which produce wakefulness, with morbid, 
nervous, and cerebral symptoms, are wholly prevented by the use 
of this water, and refreshing sleep, long deferred, is fully enjoyed. 
All such of the above class as have become more or less diseased 
from liberal living, may have their stomachs restored to a healthy 
condition by the use of this water. 

As an Aperient or Cathartic the water should be taken in the 
morning, half an hour before breakfast, its temperature not over 
cool. For instant action, warm the water slightly. 

As a Tonic, the water should be taken cool and in small quan- 
tities. When drank at meals as a beverage, the system will retain 
the minerals with strengthening and stimulating effect. 

The condition of the system, which marks the early stage of 
the fearful disease of Scrofula, is usually removed by a timely and 
faithful use of the High Rock Water. Scorbutic persons, both 
young and more advanced in life, often witness large scrofulous 
tumors rapidly pass away under the influence of thismineral water. 

The utmost care has been taken in retubing not only to keep 
out all impure and fresh waters, but also to retain the fixed car- 
bonic acid gas, for vvhicli this spring is pre-eminently celebi-ated. 

High Rock Spring- is controlled by an influential party, wiio 
has taken possession of the property with a determination to ex- 
tend the sales of the water of this valuable and famous spring. 
Mrs. W. K. Young is owner and manager. 

The following analysis of the High Rock Spring water was 
made by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College Scliool 
of Alines, who collected the water at the spring for analysis: 

Analysis of one U. S. gallon: 

Bicarbonate of Lime. . .131,739graii?%. 



Chloride of Sodium 390.127 grains 

Chloride of Potassium .. . 8.497 

Bromide of Sodium 0.731 " 

Iodide of Sodium 0.986 " 

Fluoride ot CaL ium trace. 

Sulpliateof I'otassa 1.608 '' 

Bicarbonate of Baryta. . . . trace. 
Biearbonaie of Strontia.. trace. 

Total 628 .039 

Carboni-^ Acid Gas 4^)9.458 cub. ia 

60 



Bicarbonateof Magnesia 54.924 

Bicarbonate of Soda 34.888 

Bicarbonate of Iron .... 1 .478 

Phosphate of Lime trace. 

Alumina I.i28 

Silica 2.2b0 



K * 




SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Seltzer Spring- 
is close to High Rock Spring, uiid in the neighborhood of the 
Star and P]mpire. Although in sueii close proximity thereto, its 
water is entirely different. This is the only Seltzer spring in this 
country. The character of the water is almost identical with that 
of the celebrated Nassau Spring of Germany, which is justly 
esteemed so delicious bv the natives of the " Fatherland." 




The Red Spring- and Baths. 

This celebrated remedial Spring, located just north of the Em- 
pire Spring, was discovered in 1770, since which time the efficacy 
of its waters in the cure of eruptive and skin diseases has been 
constantly demonstrated, as the multiplied testimonials of its 
grateful patrons, from every portion of the Union, fully attest. 
The Red Spring W v^*"r is a powerful alkaline ; hence, those acids 
which produce rheumatism, gout, and kindred diseases are neu- 
tralized by its use. Indeed, to its action in neutralizing the acids 
of the stomach may be attributed the remarkable efficacy of the 
water in the cure of that wide-spread and most distressing mal- 
ady, dyspepsia. In a general sense the therapeutic effects of the 
water are alterative, and it is especially adapted to inflamed 
mucous membranes. Indeed, inflammation, whether internal or 
external, cannot abide contact with Red Spring water. Drinking 
the water, or bathing with or in it, as the necessities of the case 

61 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

require, invariably allays inflammation and restores the organ or 
the surface affected, to its normal condition. Salt iheum, scrof- 
ula, ulcers, inflamed eyes, granulated eyelids, kidney difficulties, 
rheumatism and cancerous affections are among the diseases for 
which Red Spring water is a sovereign remedy. The alterative 
properties of the water are so great that small quantities of it 
produce the desired effect; it is accordingly peculiarly adapted 




to the weakest stomachs in external chronic diseases. The won- 
derful virtue of the water in curing salt rheum was spoken of 
fifty years ago by Dr. Steele, in his work on "Mineral Waters." 

Yielding to the continuous public demand for Red Spring wa- 
ter baths, the Red Spring Company has erected a commodious 
bath house with modern appliances for giving hot, cold or tepid 
mineral baths. A series of plunge baths for learners, and per- 
sons who enjoy the luxury of swimming without incurring any 
of its perils, has also been constructed. 

The Red Spring water is bottled and shipped to every portion 
of the country, and is rapidly acquiring the reputation which it 
deserves, of being the leading mineral water in the Union for the 
cure of the diseases we have enumerated. The Spring is situated 
in the midst of beautiful surroundings, and the throng of visitors 
who crowd the colonnade during the season attests the fame 
and popularity of this perennial fountain of healing waters. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Saratoga Mag-netic Spring* 

is sitnuted on S[»i-iii«j;' Avt'iiur, in t lie valley opposite IJie. lliol, 
Rock Spring. It is unlike all other sju-ings in Saratoi;a, iiaving 
that wonderful inaguetic influence which is one of llie great 
marvels of nature. Its healing powers and pr()})erlies luive been 
thoroughly tested, and found to be valuable. The waters are 
bottled, and used for bathing pui"i)Oses. Tlu' balh-liouse is two 
stories high, the upper floor Ijeing reserved for tiie exclusive use 
of ladies. The baths are found to be highly efficacious in the 
cui-e of rheunuitisni, neuralgia, cutaneous and nervous affections, 
and have a perceptible tonic influence upon the system. They 
are patronized by a large number of people. 

The Patterson Spring 

is on Phila Street, near Broadway, only one block from the United 
States Hotel. This is a new spring, that in cathartic, alterative 
and effervescent qualities is unrivaled, and in its result is called 
"wonderful." The spring pavilion is the most elegant in the 
village, and being so pleasantly located is a popular resort for 
visitors at Saratoga, 

The following analysis made by Prof. C. P. Chandler, of the 
Columbia College School of Mines, in June, 1889, states : 

New York, June 13, 1889. 
The sample of water taken by our assistant from the spring at 
Saratoga, N. Y., April, 1889, marked Patterson Spring water, 
submitted to us for examination, contains in one United States 
gallon of 231 cubic inches : 



Chloride of Sodium . . .269.9-305 grain 

Chloride of Potassium. 11. 9095 " 

Bromide of Sodium. . . . 0.6778 '' 

Iodide of Sodium 0.1542 " 

Fluoride of Calcium. . . trace 
Bicarboiuite of Ammo- 
nium 2.00.56 " 

Bicarbonate of Lithia. . 2.3199 " 
Bicarbonate of Soda. . . 18.7644 " 
Bicarbonate of Mag- 
nesia 80.1967 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime.. .129.4174 " 



Bicarbonate of Strontia trace 
Bicarbonate of Barj'ta, trace 
Bicarbonate of Iron. . . 1.2173 grains. 
Bicarbcmate of Manga- 
nese 0.0844 " 

SulphMte of Potai^sa... 0.4424 " 

Borate of Soda trace 

Alumina 0.0467 " 

Silica 1.0264 " 

Organic Matter trace 



Total 518.1833 grains. 

Carbonic Acid Gas 417.0676 cubic inches, 

6J 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Star Spring. 



To reach this spring from Congress Hall, follow Broadway 
ijorih five blocks to the railroad. Turn to the right, and then to 
the second left, and in a few steps tiie long flight of stairs lead- 
ing down the bluff to the spring will be found. This spring was 
formerly known as the President and the Iodine. It is over half 
a century since its waters were first known and used, but their 
full virtues were not developed until 1862. In 1880 it was re- 
tubed, and tubing carried 44 feet into solid rock, securing per- 
fect freedom from surface waters. The water is largely charged 




with caibonic acid gas, which renders it peculiarly valuable as 
a bottling water, since it preserves its freshness much longer 
than waters containing a smaller amount of the gas. The great 
medicinal properties of the Star consist in the large quantity of 
iodine and bromide of sodium, there being 2 grs. of iodine and 14 
grs. of bromide to each quart. The proprietors of the Star were 
the fii-st to introduce Saratoga Water to the public, on draught. 
The bottling -house is a handsome brick building, and is sup- 
plied with every convenience for business. Visitors are invited 
to inspect the house and the work of bottling. 

64 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Star Spring Number 2 

was discovered in 1885, by drilling through the solid rock for 
200 or 300 feet. Although near the old President or Star Spring, 
its waters are somewhat different. It is an alkaline water, and is 
very palatable and agreeable as a table water. The sale of it was 
first begun in 1889, and 8,000 to 4,000 cases or about 150,000 
bottles of it are sold every year. It is packed in cases each con- 
taining 50 quart bottles, or 100 i)fnt bottles, and sold at the 
usual prices for natural mineral spring waters. It is used largely 
as a table water, and its very agreeable flavor makes it very pop- 
ular for this purpose. Large quantities of it are bottled and sold 
every year. While the immediate effect of the Star Spring water 
is carthartic, its remote effect is alterative, and this, after all, 
should be considered the most important, as the water thus 
reaches and changes the morbid conditions of the system. As a 
cathartic it should be taken in the morning before eating, in 
quantities of a pint or more as the case may require. If the 
stomach is weak and feeble and other waters have proved too 
irritable, Star water will work like a charm. For dyspepsia 
and indigestion, drink witli meals and before retiring. The val- 
uable properties of the New Star Spring water are clearly 
brought out in the analysis nuide by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph.D. 
ANALYSIS OF NEW STAR SPRING WATER. 
The following are I lie results of inj^ analj'sis of the sample of the New Star 
Spring water submitted to me for examination : 

Grains* in one U. S. Gallon of 231 Cubic Inches. 
Chloride of Sodium . 137. BU4 grains 
Chloride of Potassium. 7.502 " 
Chloride of Ammonium 0.808 " 

Bromide of Sodium 0.361 " 

Iodide of Sodium trace. 

Fluoride of Calcium. .. trace. 
Bicarbonate of Lit hia.. 2.038 " 

Bicarbonate of Soda 18.309 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 47.143 " 
Bicarbonate of Lime.. .118.327 " 
Bicarbonate of Stronria. . 0.0K.5 

Carbonic Acid Gas, 40(i.92.'i cubic inches. 

Respeclfuliy, Your obedient servant, 

C. F. CHANDLER, Ph.D 
Star Spring Co., Saratoga, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1895. 

64a 



Bicarbonate of Baryta. . 0.303 grains. 

Bicarbonate of Iron 2.516 " 

Sulphate of Potassa 0.575 " 

Phosphate of Soda trace. 

Biborato of Soda trace. 

Nitrate of Soda 0.085 " 

Alumina 0.064 " 

Silica 0.857 " 

Total 337.177 grains 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



About one mile south of the village of Saratof^a Springs, and 
near the line of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, is a very- 
interesting group of springs of quite varied mineral properties. 
Though they are quite near one another, yet they possess quite 
different mineral properties, pome containing large quantities of 
chloride of sodium and largely charged with carbonic acid gas, and 
others are alkaline and alterative. One of the most valuable and 
popular of this group of springs is the Saratoga Vichy Spnng. 




'MiiS^-^^m-^- 




VB-.V- — -~ r-;*' 



bAKATOGA VICllY bPKlNG IN Ib'ii. 
Is delightfully located on Ballston Avenue, opposite Geyser 
Spring, in the midst of a park embracing a beautiful sloping 
lawn studded with forest trees on one side, and the pretty Httlu 
G-eyser Like on the other. Its surroundings arc very picturesque, 
and ai'e among the n)ost attr.-u^tive scenery about Saratoga. It 
was discovered in tlie month of March, 1872, by drilling in the 
solid rock to the depth of 180 feet. 

05 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

This spring contains more soda and less salt than any other 
*iaratoga water, and takes special rank at once among the valu- 
able mineral waters of this famous Spa, from its wonderful sim- 
ilarity to the Vich> waters of France. It is the only alkaline 
water found at Saratoga, and a specific in those troublesome 
affectioms arising from Acidity of the Stomach, Dyspepsia, Kid 
ney and Bladder Difficulties ; several remarkable cases are 
already recorded of these diseases cured by its use. The follow- 
ing analysis of the Saratoga Vichy, made by Prof, C. F. Chan- 
dler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, demonstrates its 
value as a medicinal agent, and as an alkaline water of equal merit 
with the celebrated French Vichy. 

Contains in one U. S. gallon of 231 cnbic inches : 

Chloride of Sodium 128.089 ' Bicarbonate of Strontia, , . . . trace. 

Chloride of Potassium 14.113 Bicarbonate of Barj'ta 0.5 



Bromide of Sodium 0.S90 

Iodide of Sodium trace 

Fluoride of Calcium , trace, 

Bicarbonate of Lithia 1.7<>0 

Bicarbonate of Soda. . , 8ti.S73 
Bicarbonate of Mai;:nesia 41.503 



Bicarbonate of Iron 0.052 

Sulphate of Potassa trace. 

Phosphate of Soda trace. 

Biborate of Soda trace. 

Alumina 0.473 

Silica 0.758 



Bicarbonate of Lime 95.522 Organic Matter trace. 

Carbonic Acid Gas in one gallon, 383.071 cubic inches. Temperature 50° F. 

The Saratoga Vichy is an excellent table water, and superior to 
the French Vichy, as it contains more natural carbonic acid gas, 
and mixes readily with all wines. It is not a cathartic water 
(but mildly laxative if taken in quantity before breakfast), and 
can be drank at all times with its good effect as a Nervous Stim- 
ulant, and in diseases of the stomach, kidneys, and bladder. 

Geyser, Congress, Hathorn, and other prominent Saratoga 
mineral springs are saline waters, but the Saratoga Vichy is an 
alkaline water; that is, the alkaline properties (lithia, soda, 
magnesia, lime, etc.) overbalance the saline properties— chlo- 
ride of sodium (salt), and is therefore recommended in an entirely 
different class of cases. When the blood is impoverished from 
want of proper assimilation of food, or feeble tone of the stomach 
generally, when the system is below the normal standard and 
requires "toning up," the Saratoga Vichy should be used. 

One of the most remai'kable effects of Saratoga Vichy is the 
improvement or restoration of impaired digestive functions, in- 
crease of appetite and improved tone. Dyspepsia is therefore a 
special field for use of this water, especially when accompanied 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

with sour stomach, slowness of digestion, loss of appetite, 
vertigo, weakness, etc. The Saratoga Vichy is rapidly gaining 
popular favor, and is much used in our large cities in place of 
the French Vichy waters, which are frequently stale. Genuine 
Saratoga Vichy is put up in amber-colored glass bottles, half 
pints, pints, and quarts. Circulars containing full directions 
for its use may be obtained from those selling the water, or the 
Saratoga Vichy Spring Co., at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. R. A. 
Roberts, Esq., of Yonkers, is President, and A. G. Munn, Jr., 
Treasurer of the Company. Mr. L. A. James, of Saratoga 
Springs, is the efficient Superintendent. 



The Washington Spring 

Is situated in the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, on South 
Broadway. It is a chalybeate, or iron, sprhig, having tonic and 
diuretic properties. The solid contents of this water are l^ss in 
quantity than those of many of the Saratoga springs, and the min- 
eral properties are somewhat ditferent from those of a majority 
of the other springs. This water has less soda and more iron in 
it than any other spring water in Saratoga, except, perhaps, the 
Columbian, and its properties and medicinal effects are very simi- 
lar to that noted spring. There is a peculiar inky taste of iron to 
the water which is quite perceptible, and which distinctly classes 
it as a tonic water. One glass of it at a time is quite sufficient 
for tonic purposes. It should not be taken in large quantities, 
lest a headache should ensue, but in moderate amount it usually 
produces very satisfactory tonic results. It should be taken in 
the afternoon or evening, before or after meals, or just before 
retiring. Many regard this as the most agreeable beverage in 
Saratoga. It is frequently called the "Champagne Spring," 
from its sparkling properties. It is a very popular spring, and 
in the afternoon is thronged with visitors. Its grounds are very 
picturesque, and in the evening are lighted by gas. The Claren- 
don band discourses on the neighboring piazza in summer, and 
fashionably attired people throng beneath the majestic pines, 
forming one of those peculiar group pictures which render Sara- 
toga so charming. 

67 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



Lincoln Spring 



is situated on the west side of Soutli Broadway, Saratoga Springs, 
just OIK' mile south from Moiiunient Square, on the Lincoln 
S})ring' Co.'s property. This reumrkahle spring was discovered in 
.Mai'ch, 1890, by drilling tiirougli tiieeartli's surface to a distance 
of 4:2.-) feet. From this [)oint tiie waters of the spring rushed 
fortli into t lie air, thoroughly chai-ged with carbonic acid gas, and 
developing one of the most valuable springs yet discovered at this 
famous resort. The spring has been securely tubed, and proper 
means have been taken to preserve this valuable water from any 
contamination by the commingling of any surface water oi- of 
any substance that would in any way dilute or have any. deleteri- 
ous effect upon it. The water has been analyzed by Professor 
Perkins, of Union College, His analysis discloses the presence 
in the water of many valual)le properties similar in general char- 
acter to those of the most celebrated Saratoga springs, but com- 
bined in such a manner as to produce one of the most effective 
and desirable waters found at this celebrated spa. The water is 
a saline-alkaline, very agreeable to the taste, and acts with the 
best results on the kidneys, stomach, and bladder. The lithia it 
contains is valuable in kidney and l)ladder tronbles, and the 
magnesia serves to correct aiul regulate the stonuich which may 
be disturbed by indigestion or other liarmful causes. Lincoln 
Spring water is a great blood })ui-ifier, and has a soothing, quiet- 
ing effect on the system, producing influences which promote 
sleep and rest and tone up the systeih. It is a delicious table 
water, well suited to all the i)urposes of the dinner, and may be 
used freely without any harmful effects. It ranks among the very 
best of the many wonderful mineral fountains found at Sara- 
toga Springs. It pos.sesses several valuable chemical properties 
which are disclosed in the analysis and which are combined in 
such a manner as to give the most agreeable and favorable effects. 
The water acts as a tonic when ind)ibed in small quantities. It 
will also serve as a cathartic when taken half an hour before the 
breakfast meal. It is not injurious to persons who are well and 
do not need any medicine, but tends to keep the system in 
healthy condition. 

67a 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Herewith we give the full analysis of the Lincoln mineral water, 
made by Professor Perkins of Union College. 

ANALYSIS OF LINCOLN SPRING. 

Chemical Laboratory Union College, | 
Schenectady, N. F., May 14, 1896. j 

Chemical analj'sis of water taken by myself from the spring of the Wilcox- 
Harvey Company, in Saratoga, April 26, 1806. 

Solids in solution in one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches : 

Sodium Chloride 315.2088 grains. 

Potassium Chloride... 22.9500 ^' 

Sodium Bromide 10.7404 '• 

Sodium Iodide 2338 " 

Calcium Fluoride traces 

Potassium Nitrate 1053 " 

AmmoniumBicarbonate .4109 " 
Sodium Bicarbonate. .. 32.8614 " 
Lithium Bicarbonate.. 2.7678 " 
MagnesiumBicarbonatel08.5719 " 
Bicarbonate of Lime. .176.2835 " 
Bicarbon. of Strontium traces 
Bicarbonate of Barium 1.4008 " 
Bicarbonate of Iron. . . .6440 " 



Bicarl). of Manganese.. 


.1009 grains 


Potassium Sulphate.. 


traces 


Bi borate of Sodium.. 


traces 


Sodium Phosphate 


.0914 " 


Alumina 


0348 " 


Silica. 


1 9495 " 







Total 674.3552 grains. 



Temp, of Water 47.5 Fahr. 

Temperature of Air.. 69. " 
Height of Barometer .30.5 iitches. 
Specific Gravity of 

Water at 50. Fahr— 1.018 

Carbonic Acid Gas, 416 cubic inches. 
MAURICE PERKINS, Professor of Chemistry in Union College. 

The Lincoln Spring Company, recognizing this water as being 
one destined to be of great benefit to mankind, desired to give to 
it an appropriate name, and therefore named it the Lincoln 
Spring, after one of the noblest and most beneficent of American 
statesmen. The water of this spring is sure to be one of the lead- 
ing mineral waters. Its flavor is very agreeable, and its medi- 
cinal effects are of the most satisfactory character. The water is 
bottled at the spring in all its natural purity in such a manner as 
to retain the natural carbonic acid gas with which it is so abund- 
antly charged, and which physicians so highly recommend. 
Guests of the hotels and boarding-houses will be interested in 
visiting this latest addition to the mineral springs of Saratoga, 
and a drive or walk from the village to t^ie spring and return 
will amply repay all visitors at tint's famous resort. All orders 
for the water should be addressed to 

Lincoln Spring, Saratoga Springes, N. Y. 
076 



^^.,. 





SAllATOGA TlJ.rSTKATED. 

The Arondack or Saratog-a Kissingen Spring. 

fes a mile south of Saratoga Village, north of Ballston Arenue, 

the drive to Ucyscr Lake, just west of Ihe railroad erop-'irig. It 

was developed in 1872, by boring through the solid rock to a 

depth of VJ'l feet. When allowed to flow with full torce, the 

pressure of the carbonic acid gas forces a stream of mineral water 

out of the i)iping 20 or 30 feet into the air. The water is highly 

effervescent and very agreeable to the taste. It mixes well with 

wines and with milk, and is unexcelled as a table water The 

medicinal effects of this water are aperient, diuretic, alterative 

and tonic. It is wonderfully efficacious in its action on the 

stomach, liver and kidneys, and greatly promotes digestion. 

Analysis by James R. Nichols & Co., Boston, of oneU. S. gallon 

of 231 cubic inches : 

Chloride of Sodium, grains. . . .135.500 

Chloride of Potas.-ium 16 980 

Bromide of Sodium l.MUO 

Iodide of Sodium 042 

Fluoride of Calcium trace. 

Bicarbonate of Lithia . 5.1-^9 

Bicarbonate of Soda 76.617 

Bicarb(mate of Magnerria 70.470 



Bicarbonate of Lime 40.260 

Bicarbonate of Strontia trace. 

Bicarbonate of Baryta 992 

Bicarbonate of Iron , 1 .5.57 

Sulphate of Potassa trace. 

Alumina trace. 

Silica 1.28G 

Organic Matter trace. 



Total solid contents in one United States gallon, in grains .^34.627 

Temperature, 40° Fahrenheit. Density 1.0060 

Cubic inches COj in one gal., 361.5. Total res'due by evaporation 432.634 

The large amount of carbonic acid gas contained in the water 
preserves its palatable properties in all varieties of climate, and 
hence it is a valuable spring water for bottling and marketing. 
It is put up in amber-colored glass bottles, and securely packed 
in cases containing two dozen quart bottles or four dozen pint 
bottles. The water is bottled and shipped at the spring, in 
commodious buildings erected for this purpose. It is served in 
glasses, free, to visitors at the spring, Saratoga Kissingen Gin- 
ger Ale excels domestic ales, and is not inferior to any imported 
brand. It is smooth and less sharp than the imported Ginger 
Ales, leaving none but pleasant effects after drinking. It is the 
favorite with ladies. All objectionable mineral laste has been 
eliminated, and by using no artiticial gas, but bottling with the 
natural Kissingen, delicious Ginger Ale is produced, possessing 
healthful properties, and may be used medicinally with beneficial 
effects in stomach, kidnev, and bladder troubles. 

68 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED 

Champion Spouting Spring-. 

This phenomenal fountain is about one mile and a half south 
of the village of Saratoga Springs, near the carriage road leading 
to Ballston Spa. just east of the Eailroad. It is one of the group 
of celebrated Spouting Springs which have recently been devel- 
oped and become a wonderful feature of the great watering-place. 
It was discovered in 1871, after sinking a shaft to the unusual 
depth of 300 feet. From this deeply concealed cavern, the pre- 
cious fountain burst forth to light, sending a column of water six 
and one-half inches in diameter, 25 or 30 feet into the air, pre- 
senting a marvelous and beautiful spectacle. The gaseous force 
of the water has been checked by a strong iron cap, fastened to 
the top of the tubing, and only a small jet of water is allowed to 
escape, except when this cap is removed, and the water darts 
forth in large volume to a height of 80 to 100 feet, imitating the 
wonderful Yellowstone and Iceland Geysers. 

These Saratoga Geysers are exceedingly interesting, and 
should be visited. During the winter the water freezes around 
the tube, and gradually forms a column of solid ice from 30 to 
40 feet high, and several feet in diameter. On another page 
we present an engraving of this wonderful spring, as it appears in 
winter. This marvelous spring possesses the chemical elements 
common to the Saratoga spring waters, in larger quantities than 
any other spring yet developed. We append the analysis by Prof. 
C. F. Chandler, of Columbia College New York: 

SOLID CONTENTS OP ONE U. S. GALLON, 231 CUBIC INCHES. 

Chl'>ride of Sodium 702.239 Bicarbonate of Baiyta 2. 08o 

Chloride of Potassium 40. .46 i Bicarbonate of Iron 0.647 

Bromide of Sodium 3.579 

I diileof Sodium 0.234 

Fluoiide of Calcium trace. 

Bicarbonate of Lilhia 6.247 

JJic 'ibonate of Soda 17.624 

Bicarbonate of Magrnesia 193.912 j (Jrganic matter trace. 

Bicirbouate of Lime 227.070 I 

Bicarbtmate of Stronlia : 0.082 1 Total Rrains 1195.582 

Carbonic Acid Gas, 465.458 cubic inches. Temperature, 48" Fahr. 
It contains more mineral properties per gallon than any other 
spring water in Saratoga. Hence a less quantity will produce 
the usual effect. It acts very favorably upon the kidneys and 
liver, and its medicinal value is established by the testimony of 
high medical authority. 

69 



Sulpliate of Potassa 0.252 

Pliosphate of Soda O.oiO 

Biborate of Soda trace 

Alumina 0.4,58 

Silica 699 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



The Saratoga Victoria Spring. 

This vahiabh^ new H|)ring is located ii» a lari^e building formerly 
used as a bott ling-house for tiie Champion Spouting Spring, in 
the region known as The Geysers, about a mile south of Saratoga 
village. It was developed in May, ls92, by drilling 301 feet into 
the solid rock The spring has been thoroughly tubed with the 
best iron tubing, and tlic pure. s])ark]ing water is forced to the 
surface through the long iron tube, by the ])0wer of its inherent 
carbonic acid gas, generated and commingled with the water in 
nature's laboratory more than 300 feet beneath i he earth's sur- 
face. When the spring was discovered, it was declared by the 
best experts to be a very superior water and a valuable addition 
to Saratoga's famous healing fountains. Becaus'- of its absolute 
purity, agreeable flavor, and brilliant sparkle, it has already 
acquired a wide reputation as a most excellent table water. 
Being thoroughly impregnated with its own natural carbonic 
acid gas, it is very refreshing, and preserves an exceedingly 
pleasant taste. It is one of the purest and most perfect table 
waters ever offered to the public. 

The Victoria is pronounced by expert chemists and physicians 
to be an unsurpassed specific in nervous pi-ostration, kidney dis- 
eases, indigestion, acid dyspepsia, etc. It is highly relished by 
invalids, because of its pleasant taste and refreshing qualities, 
and can be used freely in convalescent stages of fever. Weak 
and nervous children thrive with its use, and a bottle of Saratoga 
Victoria, taken on retiring, will be found an excellent remedy 
for sleeplessness. 

Pleasant in taste, efficacious in disorders and diseases, and yet 
mild, it deserves pre-eminence among mineral waters. Clear, 
sparkling, and invigorating, it is destined to rank high among 
the best table waters of the world. The Saratoga Victoria 
Water is one of the finest alkaline waters yet discovered 
Professor Perkins, the eminent chemist of Union College, wlic 
analyzed it, gave his valuable testimony to the high merits of 
Saratoga Victoria Water, iu the following letter to the Super- 
intendent of the spring : 

7J 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. 

D. Kennedy, Esq., 

Supt. Victoria Spring, Saratoga Springs, N. Y, 

Dear Sir : — Please find enclosed the results of the chemical 
analysis of the water of the Victoria Spring. ♦ 

I think you have a very vahial)le water. It differs just enough 
from the other Saratoga springs to give it a character oi its own, 
and you have in the water ail the constituents found in the other 
springs. There is enough of Chloride of Sodium to give the 
water a good taste, but not so much as to make it acrid. The 
quantity of the Bicarbonate of Sodium is above the average, and 
it seems"to me to be a most vahiable constituent, giving the water 
a decidedly alkaline character. 

A very valuable characteristic of this water is the long lime it 
can be kept without sediment, and clear. The quantity of gas 
is large, and the water has a very pleasant taste. 

T think you are to be congratulated on your spring, and it cer- 
tainly is full as deserving of success as any other of the springs 
in Saratoga. 

Respectfully, Maurice Perkins, A.M., M.D., 
Professor of Chemistrij in Union College, Schenectady, X. Y. ; Professor of 
Chemical Philosophy in Albany Medical Colkge, etc. 

Saratoga Victoria Water is sold and shipped in bottles only. 
These are securely packed in boxes and shipped to all piirts of 
the world. Parties wishing to order this water direct from the 
spring should address Saratoga Victoi-ia Spring Inc., P. 0. Box 
93, Saratoga Springs, X. Y. 

The Pavilion Spring-, 
is situated in Saratoga Village, in the valley, a few rods east of 
Bi'oadway, between Lake Avenue and Caroline Street, at the 
head of Spring Avenue. If was formerly a proiDiiicnt spring 
water, but its sale has not Ixtii pushed eiiei-^cl ically of late, and 
hence the water is not so i^eiieraliy used as foniiei-ly. Vkix some 
years the spring and yi-ouuds have been very much neulecliMl. and 
the property has fallen iiiln L;-euei-al disuse. It is practically 
abandoned for selling purpo.ses. 

71 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Saratoga White Sulphur Springs and Eureka 
Bathing Pavilion and Park 

arc nniong" tlie most iirijioitaiil and valuable features of Saratoga's 
attractions. They are situated about one mile east of the village 
of Saratoga Springs and the principal hotels, and about one- 
(piarler of a mile east of Excelsior Spring and Pai'k. Stages 
run hourly from the yillage to the spring and return. This 
pi-o[)erty has been favorably known at Saratoga for many years, 
but for a time has not been used. But in the spring of 18JJ6 Air. 
]\I()nis Fi-anklin, of New York, bought the property and has 
gi-eatly improved it. He retubed the spring and built an exten- 
sive bathhouse, and put into it a. large number of modern porce- 
lain bathtubs of the finest quality, and provided every facility 
for the most luxurious hot and cold water baths known to 
sanitary science. He gives the massage treatment, Swedish 
movements and manual gymnastics at the Eureka Bathing 
Pavilion, and has experienced and skillful operators from New 
York in constant attendance. Luxurious waiting rooms are pro- 
vided. This White Sulphur Spring water is unlike the waters of 
the most of the Saratoga springs, being a pure white sulphur 
water. It is used for bathing and- drinking, but is not bottled 
and sold in the market. The only place where the benefits of its 
healing properties can be secured is at the spring and bathing 
pavilion. It is the best cure known for rheumatic and skin dis- 
eases, gout, lumbago, sciatica, atrophy, and all chronic diseases. 
These baths promote the circulation of the blood and restore 
action, and are highly rec-ommended by the most .celebrated 
physicians. The envij-omncnt of the pavilion and t^pring has 
been greatly improved. A bcaulifully wooded park immediately 
surrounding the pavilion lias l)eeii opened to tii(> pul)lic. Here 
the visitor may stroll through delightful walks under magnificent 
old trees and thi'ough shaded glens, inhaling the purest ozone 
and enjoying the beautiful prospects of this delightful region. 
The Eureka Spring is but a few yards south of the White Sulphur 
Spring and l)ath house. Its valuable properties have been well 
known for many years. Tiiese springs and grounds should be 
visited, not alone for the healing qualities of tlie waters, but for 
the enjoyment of the beauties of the natural scenery around them. 

73 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



Preparing: the "Waters for Export. 

The bottling and packing is carried on throughout the year^ 
and, excejit during the height of the visiting season, when so 
much is consumed at the springs as materially to decrease the 
supply for bottling, the work is prosecuted night and day. The 
arrangements for this purpose are the most complete of anything 
of the kind in the country, and all the various operations are 
carried on with a care, skill, and perfection uni:urpassed. 

In order to increase the facilities for obtaining bottles, the 
Congress Spring Company erected a good glass-house some time 
since, and now, not only this company, but many of the others 
are easily supplied with such bottles as they need. Some of the 
bottles are of dark green or brown glass, and others are of white 
or crystal glass. 

Each bottle, before being filled, is thoroughly washed and 
rinsed with both warm and cold water, a stream of each of which 
is constantly pouring into the tanks before the washers. To 
detach any impurities that cannot be removed by other means, 
a small brass chain is dropped into each bottle and thoroughly 
shaken about. The substitution of this simple and effective 
method of cleansing for the use of shot or pebbles is an im- 
provement which might well be adopted by every housewife. 

The corks used are all branded with the initials or trademarks 
of the companies, and none but the very first quality of cork- 
wood is used. The name of company can be easily seen through 
the glass, and none but the willfully stupid need be deceived in 
buying a single pint or quart. 

For instance, the corks of the Congress Spring Co.'s bottles 
are marked thus: 

Congress Water_, Columbian Water, 

C. S. Co. C. S. Co. 

The brands used for this purpose are set into a small table, 
their lettereil faces being nearly level wUh its surface. They 
are kept hot by a jet of gas turned on them from below, and the 

74 



SAUATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

corks receive their brand by being rolled over the heated types-^ 
an expert boy performing the simple oi)eration very rapidly. 

The wire used for securing the corks is manufactured express- 
ly for the purpose from the finest (piality of co{)per, some two 
thousand pounds being required annually by one company. 

The bottles are securely packed in wooden boxes, and every 
box is fully marked to prevent all mistake. Each box contains 
a convenient quantity for family use, which is usually two dozen 
quart or four dozen pint bottles. 

The waters are either pumped through block-tin pipes from the 
springs, or are forced into the bottles by their own hydrostatic 
pressure. When pumps are employed a large receiver is used to 
hold the water under pressure and free from contact with the air, 
and in drawing it the utmost care is taken to prevent the escape 
of the gas held in the water. In the case of tbe pipe wells the 
water is drawn like so much soda-water into the bottles, from 
pipes that tap the main wells many feet below their outlets. 

At the Congress Spring the water now flows directly into the 
bottles, and is thus preserved in all its purity and strength. The 
system' of filling the bottles is such as to preserve all the natural 
carbonic acid gas with which the water is charged when it comes 
from the reservoirs deep down in the earth. This gas is essential 
to the life of the water, and necessary to keep it from growing flat 
and insipid. 

The corks, after being soaked in warm water until they be- 
come so soft as to be easily compressed, are driven into the bot- 
tles by machinery, the process reducing their size before enter- 
ing the bottles about one-third. It recjuires a strong bottle to 
stand the pressure of their expansion after being driven in, and 
even strong men sometimes find it difficult to pull them out. A 
single workman will fill and cork from fifteen to twenty dozen 
bottles per hour. 

After being filled and corked, the bottles are laid upon their 
sides in large bins, holding from one hundred and fifty to two 
hundred dozen each, where they are allowed to remain four or 
five days, or longer, to test the strength of the bottles by the ex- 
pansion of the gas, and also to detect any corks that maybe leaky 
or otherwise imperfect. The breakage, while in thi;3 situation 

75 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

is about five per cent, of the whole immber filled. The bottles 
frequently burst with a sharp report, like the firing of a pistol 
or the cracking of champagne bottles. All leaky corks are 
drawn, and the bottles refilled with water direct from the spring. 
While all these precautions add largely to the expense of put- 
ting up the waters, they render a leaky, and consequently a bad, 
bottle almost impossible, and they also render breakage in sub- 
sequent handling a matter of rare occurrence. 

When the bottles and corks have been thus thoroughly tested, 
the corks are securely wired, this operation being performed 
with great rapidity by employees long trained to the work. 

The next process is the packing in cases, which is also done 
with great care and remarkable dexterity. The neck of each 
bottle is firmly wound with clean, new straw, and the bottles are 
placed on their sides in tiers of equal number, a parting strip of 
straw being laid between each bottle and its neighbor on either 
side. A layer of straw is also placed between the tiers of bottles 
as well as at the top and bottom of the box. When the box is 
filled, the packer walks over the bottles, for the double purpose 
of settling them properly in their places, and as a further test of 
their strength, before the lid is put in its place and nailed down. 
If a bottle gives way under the weight of the packer, of course 
the whole box is emptied, and not again repacked until it is 
thoroughly dry, as must be all the straw which is used for 
packing. 

As immense quantities of these waters are put up during the 
winter months, when the demand is comparatively small, and 
when the weather is usually too cold for their safe transporta- 
tion, large storage capacity is required to secure and protect the 
stock on hand. Some idea of the room required for this purpose 
may be formed from the fact that the buildings used exclusively 
for storing water in boxes, at the Congress Spring alone, have 
an area of over twelve thousand square feet on the ground floor, 
with capacity for safely keeping at a proper temperature through 
the winter months more than twenty thousand boxes of the water. 

The proprietors of the springs are always pleased to show the 
wonders of their bottling plants to visitors, and an instru,ctive 
hour may well be spent in them. 

76 




STUKb KOOaI, CuNUKKsti bl'lUJNU 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The rows of men and boys, bare-armed, before the steaming * 
washing tubs : the salt-incrusted receivers, and the bottle-filler, 
with dexterous fingers, loading up the pints and quarts ; the corker, 
with his queer machinery ; the huge bins of full or empty bot- 
tles piled in countless thousands, one over the other ; the curious 
industry of the wire-boys and the packers, and the vast caverns 
of the storage cellars all unite to make a scene of singular inter- 
est, and the intelligent visitor should make it a point to see, at 
least, one of these immense establishments. 

The export of spring water in casks is somewhat different. 
The casks are of the best of oak, and are securely lined with pure 
block-tin. This metal must not be confounded with our com- 
mon tinware. That is only sheet iron having a thin skin of tin. 
This tin coating soon wears away, and then the iron rusts, as 
the good housekeeper knows to her sorrow. Block tin, such as 
is used as a lining for these casks, is a soft, white metal, that 
contains no iron and cannot rust. It is made air-tight, and will 
hold the water alone without the cask. The cask is only to keep 
the tin cask inside in shape, as the metal is so soft that a barrel 
of water could hardly stand alone, much less be rolled about in 
a freight-car. 

There are two openings in these casks at the top, and to each 
is secured a block-tin pipe. One pipe extends nearly to the bot- 
tom of the cask, and the other is only an inch or two long. In 
filling the cask the water-pipe from the s|)ring is screwed to the 
top of the larger pipe, and the water, under the pressure of its 
gas, flows in and, driving the air out of a small air-hole, fills the 
cask. When it is full the air-hole is stopped up, but the press- 
ure is continued foi" a moment or two longer, so that that cask 
is not only filled solid, but is packed, so to speak, and the .water 
is under the same pressure in the cask as in its native spring. 
In those casks the waters of the Excelsior, Geyser, and other 
springs is readily transported to all pai'ts of the country. In 
drawing, the water, a block-tin pipe, with a suitable cooler, is at- 
tached to the longer pipe, and a small aii'-piimp to the shorter 
pipe. On pumpinji' air into the cask the water flows out through 
an ordinary soda-fountain faucet in its native purity. When tlie 
casks are empty they are returned for refilling, and it often 

77 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

hapj)ens that a single dealer will have several casks constantly 
on the railroad, goinj,^ and comini:^ each way, perhaps two or 
three thousand miles or more, by rail or boat. 

The Danger of Artificial Waters. 

The value and importance of Saratoga's waters, and the ever- 
growing demand for them, has stimulated the manufacture of 
arriticial waters. Owners of soda apparatus, and druggists with 
small knowledge and smaller conscience, have concocted a num- 
ber of queer mixtures that they call mineral waters. Some of 
these strange drinks are about as useful and harmless as good 
Croton water and vastly dearer, for one can have that for the ask- 
ing. Some are put up in bottles and siphons, and called after 
famous Saratoga springs, and are even packed in abandoned Con- 
gress Water boxes. Their only connection with Saratoga is in 
name, and the name is a fraud and a pretense. Even the trade- 
marks of the springs have been imitated, and in the case of the 
Congress Spring, an important lawsuit was instituted, with the 
verdict in favor of the spring. The Congress Company thus 
speak of the matter : 

'• The use of the terms ' Congress Water,' ' Columbian Water,' 
or ' Empire Water,' alone or in combination with other words, 
when applied to any other than the liquids naturally flowing from 
these springs, is an evident violation of the rights of the proprie- 
tors, and a fraud upon the public. In a recent case, determined 
in the United States Court, the manufacturer and vender of an 
artificial compound, sold as Congress Water, were enjoined from 
putting up or selling 'any water not of the natural flow of the 
said spring, in bottles ori)ackages marked with the words "' Con- 
gress Water," or with words of like import.' It would be well for 
the public if this matter were more tully understood, as the arti- 
cles thus offered are entirely worthless, and often dangerous ; their 
use frequently producing griping pains, vertigo, etc., and some- 
times resulting in serious permanent difficulties — effects wholly 
different from those produced by the genuine waters. They 
weaken the digestive powers, and destroy the tone of the stom- 
ach and bowels, often rendering a mild case of dyspepsia incura- 
ble. Old boxes and bottles, bearing the genuiue brands, are 

78 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

often bought up by counterfeiters for the pur-pose of filling them 
with their valueless articles — for which reason purchasers should 
always examine the corks, which cannot be used a second lime, 
and which, if the waters are genuine, will have the brand of the 
bottling company. 

" The injury inflicted by the sale of these artificial compounds 
upon the proprietors and the public is double ; for, on taking 
these spurious articles and finding either no effect, or injurious 
effects, from their use, purchasers in future refuse the genuine 
waters, supposing they have already tried them ; or, knowing 
that the waters used are artificial, decline the natural waters on 
the supposition that they have tried what is in substance the 
same, without benefit — as if there existed the slightest compari- 
son between them ! 

" That it is impossible to form these waters artificially, the 
testimony of scientific men is uniform and abundant. ' It is im- 
possible,' says the celebrated English chemist, Sir Humphry 
Davy, ' to recombine the ingredients so as to make an article of 
equal quality, the effects of which will be the same as the natural 
water.' The language of the late Dr. James Johnson, of London, 
is as follows : ' Mineral waters contain many agents which we 
cannot imitate by artificial combinations. This is proved by 
every day's observations. Thus, the saline, aperient mineral 
waters will produce ten times more effect than the identical 
materials artificially dissolved and mixed. The same is true 
with respect to the chalybeate springs. A grain of iron in them 
is more tonic than twenty grains exhibited according to the phar- 
macopoeia.' 

"An acorn may be analyzed, but it is as impossible for the 
chemist to form an acorn from its chemical elements as it is for 
him to create the oak which in the course of nature the acorn is 
destined to produce. To give the name, therefore, of Congress 
Water to a mere solution of common salt, soda, magnesia, lime, 
and iron, or other minerals, is as absurd as to give the name of 
wine to a mixture of cream of tartar, alcohol, and mineral salts, 
which this liquid proves to be when analyzed. 

" In so important a matter it is deemed well to add the testi- 
mony of Dr. Constantine James, to be found in his ' Practical 

79 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Grtiide to the Mineral Watering: j)laces of Europe.' • 'Artificial 
mineral waters of the best fabrication are, in a medical and 
chemical i)oiiit of view, only a poor counterfeit of the real waters 
whose names tliey usurp. They are doubly pernicious, as they 
do not attain the physician's aims, and cast a certain discredit on 
the genuine production.' 

" The testimony of Dr. A. A. Hayes and S. Dana Hayes, Esq., 
State Assay ers for Massachusetts, is to the same effect : 'Al- 
though we know just what the genuine water contains, an arti- 
ficial water made by the analysis would not be the same thing 
medicinally. Mineral waters are the productions of natural chem- 
ical agencies, aided by time, and we really know but little of the 
resulting combinations and their physiological effects.' 

"However skillfully combined, therefore, the manufactured 
imitations may be, they are destitute of the characteristic proper- 
ties which nature so mysteriously and abundantly supplies in 
these springs. The editoi- of the ' New York Gazette ' gives his 
readers a timely caution as follows : ' If you don't want to grow 
old prematurely ; if you would keep the teeth in your mouth, 
the luster in your eyes ; if you would not have an used-up diges- 
tive apparatus ; if you would give a, wide berth to Bright's Dis- 
ease, which is making so many bite the dust ; then, first and most 
of all, don't drink the manufactured mineral waters that are 
offered from numberless fountains. They are sadly injurious, and 
very many people are drinking them to excess.' ' Go to the nat- 
ural springs,' says Dr. Bourdon, a celebrated French physician. 
' Nature is far better than the laboratory. I cannot condemn in 
too strong terms the use of artificial mineral waters. They never 
replace those of the natural springs.' " 

The Paris " Figaro " says: The eminent French chemists, Bout- 
myand Dr. Lutaud, state that after having submitted several sam- 
ples of siphons to a chemical analysis they have found relatively 
considerable quantities of lead, ammoniac, and azotic substances. 
They have discovered as much as 14 milligr. of tin per litre, and 
in some samples up to 2 milligr. of copper. The natural waters 
are, at least, of a purity which it would be absurd to contest. 

80 









CHAPTER VL 

ENTERTAINING WALKS. 

Theke are a number of walks in and about Saratoga Springs, 
and the visitor will find ample space for exercise and amuse- 
ment. Shady woods, breezy hills, and crowded streets brilliunt 
with carriages, mingle in charming confusion, and present va- 
ried attractions in every direction. 

To give plain directions to enable the visitor to dispense with 
a guide, we will use the front steps of Congress Hall as a start- 
ing-point from which to make such walking or riding tours as 
seem desirable. Of course, the grand promenade is Broadway. 
Here one may see the great hotels, the cai'riages. and the gor- 
geous apparel. Fine raiment is a factor in the problem of Sara- 
toga happiness ; at least, the seeing it is ; though one need not 
ruin herself for millinery, unless one likes that sort of thing. 
It may be comforting to know that even dresses that liav^e been 
worn twice are allowable. You may be as sober as a subdued 
mouse if you choose, but the majority prefer the brilliancy of 
" enraged rat color," and the effect is vastly entertaining. Stand- 
ing on the front steps of Congress Hall, we have the lofty piazza 
of the Grand Union, its brilliant stores and throngs of visitors, 
opposite. The broad road, kept in fine order, and the wide grass- 
trimmed sidewalks are crowded with teams and people, and the 
scene is at once animated, iiigh-colored, and interesting. Min- 
gling in the multitude on the walk, we may turn to the right. 
Stores fully equal to city shops line the way. The American, 
the Adelphi, and the great United States hotels soon come oppo- 
site. Next stands the Worden Hotel, and the Holden House. 
The street turns slightly, and, after passing the Town Hall and 
the First Presbyterian Church, the hotels change to boarding- 
houses and private residences, and the stores to gardens. Cross- 
ing the railroad, the Waverly House, and the narrow entrance 
to tie Mount McGregor Railroad Depot are passed on the 

81 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

right, and the Wasliington House and Broadway Hall on the 
left. Keeping on up the gentle hill, a number of new and very 
pretty gardens and villas are met, and between the houses on 
the right open wide views over the open country. The hills be- 
yond rise into lovely mountain ranges on the horizon. These 
are the Green Mountains in Vermont, and in many places about 
the Springs they make an ever-beautiful framework to the land- 
scape. This part of the town is laid" out with new^ streets, and 
has become a fashionable and very desirable quarter. To the 
left, west of Broadway, is the beautiful Woodlawn Park, in which 
is the summer villa of Hon. Henry Hilton. The Park, though 
private property, is thrown open to visitors who wish to stroll 
through its delightful grounds and groves, and enjoy its charm- 
ing scenery. Broadway continues further into the country, to 
Glen Mitchell, about 2^ miles from Cong'-ess Hall. The return 
walk leads again into all the crowds of elegant loiterers about 
the grand hotels, and ends where it began. 

Another and shorter walk turns to the left from Congress 
Hall, and follows South Broadway. Congress Park is on the 
left, and the site of the Grand Hotel, burned October 1, 1874, 
now occupied by stores and offices, and Crystal Spring, by the 
Columbian Hotel, and the hotel itself, are on the right, opposite 
Congress Park. On the east side of Broadway is the large, new 
Convention Hall, with seats for 5,000 people, and 30 or more 
committee rooms. Close to Convention Hall, on the same side 
of Broadway, is the Pompeian House, illustrative of a grand 
Roman house, and is a reproduction of the House of Pansa at 
Pompeii, buried by Vesuvius, a.d. 79. Opposite, on the corner 
of William Street, is the Clarendon Hotel, with Washington 
Spring in its court. On the corner of William Street, opposite 
the Clarendon, is the Roman Catholic Church, south of which 
are the Lin wood, the Albemarle, and Everett boarding-houses. 
The beautiful Windsor Hotel is on the southeast corner of Broad- 
way and William Street, overlooking an open park in its front. 
The Huestis House is just south of it. This part of South Broad- 
way is very charming. Just beyond the Everett House, Ballston 
Avenue turns off diagonally to the right. At this point we can 
turn either way, and wander through quiet streets, lined with 

82 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

beautiful and costly houses, each half-buried in its shrubbery 
and gardens. By turning to the left we enter Circular Street, 
and may pass quite around Congress Park, and so back to the 
hotel through East Congress Street. Congress Spring and Colum- 
bian Spring are both in this fine park, and, if you care to enter, 
you may wander at will. 

Congress Spring Park. 

This beautiful park comprises almost the entire plot of ground 
encompassed by Broadway, Congress, and Circular Streets. Orig- 
inally a forest, possessing many natural attractions, it has been 
materially improved by grading, draining, and the addition of 
many architectural adornments, until it now presents a most 
beautiful appearance, and is one of Saratoga's principal charms. 
During the year 1876 the Congress Spring Company expended 
nearly $150,000 on these improvements, and now it surpasses all 
other parks of equal size in the United States in the bea:ty of 
its graceful and artistic architecture. The grade of the low 
ground was raised from two to seven feet, and a new plan of 
drainage adopted, which involved in its system the elegant new 
reservoir and the charming miniature lake. The grand entrance 
is at the junction of Congress Street and Broadway, near the 
Grand Union Hotel and Congress Hall, on what is now called 
Monument Square. On entering turn to the right, and you may 
pass through a short colonnade to the graceful spring-house over 
Columbian Spring, or from the entrance turn to the left through 
a longer colonnade, and you come to the interior of the artistic 
pavilion over Congress Spring. In this interior the Congress 
Spring Water is passed by uniformed attendants, and you may 
partake while seated at a little table upon which the water will 
be served. The water is forced up its deep cavern through the 
iron tubing by the power of its natural carbonic gas, and it rises 
bubbling and sparkling into two globular crystal receivers, entic- 
ing the beholder to partake freely of the healthful and delicious 
beverage. In its graceful, fantastic movements it is very fasci- 
nating, and the visitor is temi)ted to linger in the pavilion and 
enjoy the delightful prospects around this charming place. Pass- 
ing down a few steps and along the colonnade, you reach the 

83 




AT THE--S^«MaDA i)>l'i;iCll rAi;.M. 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

elegant cafe, where hot coffee and other refreshments may be 
obtained at reasonable prices, and maybe partai^en of while listen- 
ing to the park music and enjoying the charming view of the 
lakes and grounds from the cafe pavilion. Passing from the 
cafe you may stroll at will, visiting the lakes and the shaded 
lawns, and listening to the delightful music of the very cele- 
brated Park Band, which plays morning, afternoon, and even- 
ing. In the evening the Band occupies the very unique and 
artistic Music Pavilion in the center of the lake. Strolling 
along to the south part of the grounds, you may visit the deer 
shelter and park, where are several animals that roam and skip 
about within the inclosure, greatly to the delight of the children 
and the amusement of the adults. In the park, amid the flowers 
and shrubs, strolling over the grass-covered, shaded lawns, or 
lounging under the grand old forest trees, enchanted by the 
charming music — here it is that one may enjoy the supreme 
delights of a genuine rural summer resort. Every convenience 
for park enjoyment is here afforded, including abundant settees 
and shade, and the security of efificient police supervision. The 
grounds are thoroughly lighted by electricity at night, rendering 
them available as a place of evening resort. The scene in the 
evening, on the occasion of one of the grand concerts, is remark- 
ably bi-illiant and charmingly fascinating. 

Admission to tiie park is regulated by tickets, for which a 
nominal charge is made. Single tickets, admitting to all except 
evening concerts, 5 cents each. No charge for children under 
ten years of age, with older persons. Admission to G-rand and 
Sacred Evening Concert, 25 cents, unless advertised otherwise. 
Tickets may be obtained at the entrance to the park. 

Some may wonder that, in a. resort like Saratoga, there is no 
park open to the public without charge, but such is the fact. 
Congress Park, however, supplies for this trifling charge the de- 
sirable seclusion and security of a private park. 

Access may be obtained to the Columbian Spring without en- 
tering the Congress Spring Park. The admission fee of Ave cents 
will admit one to the Park, and both the Congress and Colum- 
bian Springs. This slight charge secures for visitors greater 
privacy and less annoyance than would otherwise prevail. 

8i 







INTERIOR OF CONGRESS SPRING I'AVILIOW. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Starting out from Congress Hall, we may, in a little longer 
walk, see some of the minor wonders of the place. Turning to 
the left, down East Congress Street, past Congress Spring and 
Park, we come to the opening of the broad Union Avenue, that 
leads to the racecourse and the lake. Just opposite the park 
is a large brick building, formerly owned and occupied by the 
late John Morrissey, and now known as the Saratoga Club 
House. In the grove on the top of the hill to the left ie a col- 
lection of promiscuous amusements for the children and some- 
what frisky adult population. Archery, hobby-horse, whirligigs, 
tenpins, icecream, lemonade, etc., form some of the enticements 
jf this fascinating play-ground. By turning to the right and 
passing along Circular Street around Congress Park, and towards 
the Geyser Spring, we come to the 

Indian Camp and Circular Railway. 

This railway is a small piece of track built in a circle, and pro- 
vided with small cars. Here one may have the infantile joy of 
a ride in an enlarged baby-carriage round and round. 

A number of shanties, haif-tent, half hut, are planted here, 
and a gypsy band, part Canadian, part Indian, live therein, and 
sell such things as good Indians are supposed to wear and use. 
Small boys urge the visitor to set up the persuasive cent, that 
they may hit it with their little arrows, and pocket the same. 
The performance is varied by sundry domestic scenes, with 
appropriate dresses and motions, and the whole affair is very 
picturesque, and is highly instructive to the inquiring mind. To 
be sure, it is a little theatrical, and one has grave doubts con- 
cerning the fidelity of the display to nature ; but it serves to fill 
an idle hour, and amuse children and others. 

Again walking from Congress Hall along Congress Street, we 
may take Circular Street to the left, and go on past a number of 
charming private places, till we come to 

Temple Grove Seminary. 
This institution is under the charge of C. P. Dowd, A.M., of 
Yale, and affords every advantage in the way of a first-class 
education. The usual course occupies four years, and includes 

80 







^^'^^ 






■^^^ri_^%^>' 




MUfeiU PAVILION IN CONGKESS PAKJi. 



SARATOaA ILLUSTRATED. 

the best collegiate studies, with ample liberty in the way of 
optional studies. Some of our best people may be counted 
among its patrons, and its charges are said to be very reasonable. 
In the summer the house is used as a boarding house, and it 
takes the position of a first-class hotel. Porters at the statior 
meet all trains. 

It occupies the entire square, and is pleasantly surrounded 
with gardens and trees. The location is desirable, as being just 
clear of the bustle and stir of Broadway, and still quite near all 
the springs and places of amusement. 

Dr. Strong'''s Sanitarium, 

Conducted by Dr. S. E. Strong, is a celebrated and popular 
Remedial Institute. During the summer season it is not only 
a Sanitarium but a family hotel, and is extensively patronized on 
account of its central and beautiful location, and refined SiJety. 

Aftor passing two more blocks on the right, we come to Lake 
Avenue, and turn to the right. This is a broad and pleasant 
street, leading to the entrance of Excelsior Park. 

After leaving the more thickly- settled streets, we come to open 
.fields on the right, and a fine grove of pines on the left. Here 
lovely views of the mountains open to the east, and the village 
comes to an end. Excelsior Park is a short distance on, up the 
road ; but, by turning down the last street to the left, we may 
enter a cool and shady path through the woods, and walk along 
the brow of the hills ; and finally, after many a turn, down into 
the new park, and reach the lx)ttling-house and spring-house, 
and take a refreshing drink of Excelsior water. 

Excelsior Park. 

This park comprises two hundred acres of land extending 
from Lake Avenue to Loughbei'ry Lake, and including the grove, 
rhe land about the Spring and the lake is laid out in villa plots, 
and some have already been sold and built upon. The spring 
and the botthng-house are well worth a visit, as the system of 
preparing the water for export is somewhat peculiar to the place. 
Visitors are freely shown all the processes, and allowed to 

8(1 




"^?#afc^.v. 



Thorwaidsen Vase, 
Coiigiess Spring: Tairk, 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

roam at will through tlie grounds of the park. Leaving the 
spring, we can return by way of tiie path through the woods, or 
take a little longer route back by the way of Spring Avenue. 
Opposite Excelsior Spring, an avenue leads directly to the White 
Sulphur and Eureka Springs. Near the road is a small brook called 
Lougliberry creek, and the Minnehaha Spring. The large house on 
the top of the western slope of the valley, is the Mansion House. 
It is an excellent boarding-house, and the majestic elms in 
front, the ample lawn and play-grounds, and the beautiful land- 
scape views it commands, attract a very select class of boarders 
who appreciate its rural freedom and scenery. Here a road leads 
north, around Excelsior Lake, but we follow Spring Avenue to 
the left, and soon reach the Loughberry Water Works, where the 
great Holly Engines continually [)ump the lake-water through the 
village. A few moments may be well spent here examining 
these splendid engines in motion. Walking on, we soon reach 

The Springs in the Village. 

Here the gay scenes peculiar to Saratoga begin. Hundreds of 
people are gathered around the fountains, sipping or drinking 
deep as their fancy or doctors bid, and the road is crowded with 
carriages bringing their festive loads to the waters. There ie 
much of wealth and display, good nature and fashion, flirtation 
and fine clothes, and it is altogether amusing and jolly. First 
comes the Old Red Spring, with its box of a bottling-house. Op- 
posite, near the railroad, is the Saratoga " A " Spring ; and beyond, 
to the left, is the great establishment of the Empire Spring. 
The Star, High Rock, and Seltzer offer their varied chaims next 
in order. It is true, the scene is not wholly lovely. There are a 
number of rather disagreeable old traps on the bluff, and along 
the wretched little street, but one may easily drown such minor 
griefs in a tumbler of salt water (far better than salt tears). We 
escape up the long step by High Rock, and soon reach Bj-oadway 
and the hotel again. Saratoga Springs has its objections, its 
old shanties, and offensive advertisements painted on its rocks 
and fences, its muddy brook and ill-kept lanes ; but we can 
easily forgive them all on reaching Broadway and its palaces. 

Another shorter walk past the railroad station, and then to 
87 








C/3 O 




/ 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

the right, through Clinton Street, and on out into the open coun 
try, will give one a good idea of the newer portions of the vd- 
iage, and afford a charming view of the country to the north and 
west. On reacliing the hill, just clear of the village, a wide view 
will be obtained of tlie Kayaderosseras mountains in the north- 
west, and the l)lue peaks of the Catskills at tlie far south. 

Returning, we may keep off to the left and sti'ike Broadway 
just beyond the Waverley House. 

Other walks may be taken at will through the village, with no 
fear of losing the way, as the tall roofs and towers of the great 
hotels readily serve as guide-marks in every direction. 



Wood Lavrn Park. 

This Park is the private property and summer residence of the 
Hon. Henry Hilton, but through his liberality and public spirit 
these beautiful grounds, comprising about 500 acres, are thrown 
open to visitors and residents of Saratoga. It is laid out^in 
walks and drives, seven or eight miles in extent, and the paths 
winding over the lawn and through the shaded groves of forest 
trees, offer inviting retreats of entrancing beauty that should en- 
tice all lovers of nature. The spacious villa crowns the highest 
elevation, and from its site extended views may be obtained, 
embracing in their scope the Catskill Mountains to the south, the 
valley of the Hudson and the Green Mountains of Vermont to 
the east, and the Greenfield Hills, and southernmost spurs of the 
Adirondacks, to the north and west. The Park is most directly 
reached from the village by following North Broadway to Third 
street, thence to the west two blocks, where you enter by the 
main entrance. There are two other entrances, one on Broad- 
way, farther north, and the other on Clinton street, on the 
west side of the Park. Visitors are freely admitted, and it is 
hoped they will not abuse the privileges so generously afforded 
tiiem. 

Other walks may be taken at will through the village, with no 
fear of losing the way. as the tall roofs and towers of the great 
hotels readily serve as guide marks in every direction. 

8S 



CHAPTER VII. 



SARATOGA LAKE AND ITS LEGENDS. 

This beautiful sheet of water is situated about four miles south- 
east of Saratoga Springs village and about ten miles west of the 
Hudson River. It is quickest and most easily reached by the 
electric cars of the Saratoga Traction Railway Company which 
make frequent trips to the<lake, starting from Congress Street 
and Broadway, just south of the Grand Union Hotel and opposite 
Congress Spring Park entrance. The ride to the lake on the 
electric cars is through a beautiful portion of the village of Sara- 
toga Springs and through fertile meadows and shaded groves 
that cover the intervening region. Saratoga Lake is seven miles 
long and between two and three miles wide. It is surrounded 
by highly-cultivated and beautiful farm lands which slope gently 
to the shores of the lake, except upon the west side, where they 
approach the lake in the form of a high bluff, seventy-five to one 
hundred feet above the level of the water. The lake is widest at 
the southern part, and south of Snake Hill it reaches a width of 
nearly three miles. The lake flows toward the north and gradu- 
ally diminishes in width for a distance of six miles, when it nar- 
rows to an inlet of one-quarter to half a mile in width, which fin- 
ally contracts still further into the outlet known as Fish's Creek, 
which flows northeast and enters the Hudson River at Schuyler- 
ville. The lake is fed by several streams, the most important 
of which is Kayaderosseras River, which takes its rise in Fulton 
County, and, flowing in a generally northeast direction, empties 
into Saratoga Lake and constitutes one of its principal sources 
of supply. The lake is rather shallow, but is of sufficient depth to 
permit of safe navigation by small steamers, steam launches, siiil- 
boats, rowboats, and other craft, which give excellent oppor- 
tunity for a delightful trip on the lake and for enjoying the great 
natural beauty which surrounds this charming sheet of water. 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

" Arrowhead "—Ben Riley's. 

Saratoga Lake lias been t'anious for years as the teriiiiiiiis of 
Saratoga's finest drive, and the place of all places in the country 
for a celebrated fish and game dinner. There have been many 
famous Saratoga Lake houses where thousands of guests have 
been entertained each season. 

Arrowhead, on the west bank of the lake, was built by, and was 
formerly the private residence of, the hite A. Gerald Hull. The 
broad and roomy piazzas, of which there are over two hundred 
feet, ai-e all screened and shaded, wiiile the ladies' reception 
room, music room, etc., are large, airy, and luxuriously furnished. 
One of the features of the place is a large club room cafe, from 
which an elegant view of the lake is obtained. No other place 
on the lake has the accommodations of " Arrowhead " for enter- 
taining large parties, as here are facilities for dining 150 people 
at one time. Then there are five private dining-rooms, cosey 
and complete, artistically furnished and superbly decorated. 
They command pretty views of the lake and charming rural sur- 
roundings. 

Ben Riley has fine trout and bass ponds and raises all the 
vegetables of the season on his adjoining farm. There is no 
better cook on Saratoga Lake than Ben Riley, and as he attends 
personally to this important branch at *' Arrowhead," it is con- 
sequently justly famous as the greatest fish and game dinner 
resort in or about Saratoga. 

In driving to "Arrowhead" take main road to Moon's place 
at the north end of lake, and turning to right, take direct road 
leading down lakeside towards the west, turning to right at the 
fork over the hill and first left over Ben Riley's private road 
leading direct to " Arrowhead." The beautiful Kayadeross Park 
and theatre of the Saratoga Traction Company adjoin the 
" Arrowhead " grounds, and the electric railrotid brings passen- 
gers to the " Arrowhead " and the park. 

" Arrowhead" will be kept open during the winter, and ^Ir. 
Riley will cater to dinner and dancing parties. The place is 
heated by steam, hot air, and fire places, and there are ample 
room and fine floors for dancing. This is the only lake resort 
which has heating facilities and fine dancing, as well as dining 
accommodations. 

89« 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The bold, dome-shaped island toward the snutlieast shore of 
the lake is known as Snake Hill, which is a, little over two miles 
from the north end of the lake. It is a gracefully rounded, 
cone-like hill, bold and prominent, and the omnipresent centre 
of almost every picture of the lake. The foliation of the strata 
of Snake Hill is peculiarly interesting and takes the lines of a 
carpenter's square. It is well worth visiting to observe this very 
interesting freak of nature in the formation of this charming 
little mountain. Around the lake are many wooded hills 
which afford a deep, rich setting for this gem of waters, and 
beyond these to the south, may be seen the outlines of the 
Catskill Mountains, fifty or more miles distant. To the east, 
beyond the fertile hills sloping to the water's edge, may be 
seen the bold outlines of the Green Mountains of Vermont, while 
to the north, some forty miles or more, rise the tops of the south- 
ern spurs of the famous Adirondack Mountains. The wooded 
hills at the end of the lake, the glimpses of the Catskill and 
Green Mountains in the distance beyond, the picturesque villas 
on the shady bluffs, the fertile farms and meadows on either 
bank, the rich green dome of Snake Hill Island, and the numer- 
ous steam launches, rowboats and other pleasure boats which 
throng the lake during the summer season combine in one 
grand scene of entrancing beauty well worth a trip from 
Saratoga to behold. Black bass and pickerel abound in the 
waters of the lake and furnish excellent fishing for those who 
enjoy this sport, and the several restaurants and hotels scattered 
along the shores of the lake and near it, furnish excellent fish 
dinners and refreshments for the hundreds of people who frequent 
this charming lake resort. During the summer season regattas 
and boat races are frequently held upon the lake, and at times 
some of the most exciting contests between the college crews and 
others, add highly exciting interest to the attractions of this 
favorite resort. 

On the high bluffs on the north and west sides of the lake are 
several chai-ming and picturesque villas which overlook the lake. 
Some of them are among the beautiful forest trees that fringe 
the lake, and with their turrets and towers, beautifully cult ivated 
grounds and fine siuule trees, add greatly to the beauty and 

90 







t- -^'i^i- '^fW.. 



% 




SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

pictiues(^ueness of the scene. Scattered among the groves and 
grounds that siu'round the lake are several small hotels which 
make a specialty of providing dinners and affording refreshment 
and recreation to tlie many hundreds of people who daily flock to 
the lake from Saratoga and the surrounding villages. One of 
tlie largest and m.ost important of these resorts is the White Sul- 
I)hur Spring Hotel, of which Mr. T. C. Luther is the proprietor, 
situated on the southeast shore of the lake, abont two miles south 
from the northern steamboat landing at the terminus of the elec- 
tric railroad. It is one of the largest and best houses there is 
near the lake- for the accommodation of guests, both permanent 
and transient. It is surrounded with a broad shaded piazza 
wliich commands a delightful view of the lake and Snake Hill 
and affords a cool, restful retreat for visitors and patrons. 
Mr. Luther furnishes excellent dinners and other meals for a 
very moderate sum. Tlie house is supplied with all modern im- 
provements, including baths, etc. The lake steamers make fre- 
quent trips, connecting with the electric cars to Saratoga Springs 
and Ballston Spa. No more delightful recreation can i)e found 
at Saratoga than to take a palace electric car of the Saratoga Trac- 
lion Company, at Broadway, opposite Congress Park, Saratoga, 
and ride tlirough the meadows that surround the \illage, and 
through the shady groves to Saratoga Lake, and tlience by the 
lake steamer thi-ough the lake to White Sulphur Spring Hotel, 
where one can enjoy one of Mr. Luther's excellent dinners, and 
return by the same route to Saratoga in the afternoon or early 
evening. There is no more charming excursion to l)e enjoyed at 
Saratoga than this beautiful Saratoga Lake trip to the White 
Sulphur Spring Hotel by the electric cars and the lake steamers. 
The several smaller hotels about the lake which furnish good 
accommodations can be reached by rowboats and steam launches. 
About one-fourth of a mile west of Saratoga Lake, the Saratoga 
Traction Company's electric cars pass Lake "Lonely," whicli is 
a pei'fect little gem of a lake set about one liundred feet below the 
general level of the cncii-cling plateau and surrounded by some 
of the most pici ui'es(iu('niid ri'-hly-woodcd liillsto be seen in any 
ofliicwild I'd reals of a dense wilderness. This Iteauliful little 
slieet of water lias the same level as Saratoga Lake, with which 

91 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

it is connected by a small, narrow channel. On one of the heights 
surrounding this lake there has recently been built a fine club- 
house, at which the best of meals and refreshments can be obtained 
while enjoying the charming view of the lake and its wooded 
surroundings, which the elevated position of the house commands. 
It would be well worth one's while to take the trip on the electric 
cars down to this romantic and beautiful retreat and enjoy the 
hospitality and recreation which is offered with a liberal hand 
and in bountiful supply and the best of style by the proprietor 
of this delightful resort. 

. Saratoga Lake is near the scene of some of the most thrilling 
historic events of American history. Between it and the Hudson 
River, ten miles east, was fought one of the most decisive battles 
of the Revolutionary War. It was the scene of Burgoyne's 
defeat and surrender to the American forces in the famous bat- 
tle of Saratoga, which is commemorated by many monuments 
erected to the memory of some of the brave generals who most 
distinguished themselves by their valor. Some of the points 
of fiercest contest and most decisive events of this great battle, 
which was one of the important contests of the Revolutionary 
War, are marked by monuments with appropriate inscriptions. 
Bemis Heights and Schuylerville are full of historic interest, 
and tourists can be readily provided with conveyances from the 
White Sulphur Spring Hotel to visit this interesting historical 
region. 

LEGENDS. 

Many strange stories, fireside tales and weird legends are 
handed down to us from the misty past regarding the "days that 
tried men's souls," and spooks and goblins were supposed to 
appear on the earth, frightening good housewives and the super- 
stitious half out of their wits. We give below two or three of 
the most noted, taken from an authority which is regarded as 
the best informed, respecting the traditions of the Red Men 
who long ago frequented the region about Saratoga Lake. 

THE SPIRIT-BIRD. 

Many thousand moons ago, in the days of the elves and fairies 
of the Old World, the New World too was peopled with its for- 

92 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

est nymphs, and many a spirit-bird rustled its shadowy pinions 
through the awful depths of its leafy solitudes. 

The Indian believed in spirits, but he had the crudest possible 
ideas, if any at all, of an abstract religion. He had no priest, 
no altars, no sacrifice. His medicine-men were mere conjurors, 
yet he was supei-stitious to the last degree, and spiritualized 
everything in nature. In a word, he forever heard " eery tongues 
on sands and shores and desert wildernesses," he forever saw 
"calling shapes and beckoning shadows dire " on every hand. 
The mysterious realm about him he did not attempt to unravel, 
but bowed submissively before it. The flight or cry of a bird, 
the humming of a bee, the crawling of an insect, the turning of 
a leaf, the whisper of a breeze, as well as the gleam of the light- 
ning and the awful roar of the thunder, were forever to him mys- 
tic signals of either good or evil import, by which he was guided 
in every action and relation of life. And he believed that in the 
happy hunting-grounds of the dead the shades of hunters, with 
shadowy bows and arrows in their hands, would follow phantom 
animals and birds among the shades of trees and rocks in the 
shadows of immortal forests, and glide in misty bark canoes 
over mystic lakes and streams, and carry them around dashing 
waterfalls. 

The Indian also believed that this spirit life of inanimate 
.things somehow possessed the mysterious power of putting on at 
will the shapes' of the living forms of animals and birds, and 
thus appearing to men in their walks, so that sometimes the 
spirit of a mountain stream would come bounding toward them 
in the shape of a deer, and sometimes the spirit of a lake would 
float on its surface as a graceful swan. 

Each of these spirit forms of things, the Indians thought, 
always had some mission to accomplish of either good or evil 
import toward the human children of the forest — sometimes to 
mislead and destroy, sometimes to guide aright and save. 

Now, of all the spirits of the woods in the old time no one was 
so famous as the Spirit of Lake Ssiratoga. whicli could assume 
first the bodily shape of an enemy and destroyer, that, being 
slain by its victim, would suddenly become magicnlly trans- 
formed into a beautiful white dove, which was known far and 

9a 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

near iti forest tradition as the "White Dove of Kay-ad-e-ros-se- 
ras, " or tlie " good spirit-bird of the wilderness," whose blessed 
mission w^as to save the lost w^anderer, to stay at its savage height 
tlie fiercest onslaught of battle, and it was even whisi)ered in 
Indian story tliat this spirit-bird had the awful power of bring- 
ing back the dead to life. 

Once upon a time, it happened that a young brave fi'om the 
jNIohawk country had been hunting alone wiiile on his first visit 
to Kay-ad-e-ros-se-ras, and being on unfamiliar ground, unac- 
countably lost his way. The Indians believe that when they are 
really lost, some evil spirit leads them not straight onward, but 
round and round an ever-narrowing circle, whose center is death, 
which they have no power to leave, but like a serpent-charmed 
bird, must hopelessly perish there unless some good spirit comes 
to their relief and breaks the fatal spell. In vain the young 
brave wandered day after day. In vain he sought some token — 
some broken twig or upturned stone — some hum of bee or flight 
of bird, that might lead him home. 

At length, when almost starved with hunger and broken down 
by despair, at the close of a weary day a large gray owl, seem- 
ingly emboldened by the gathering shades of. the swiftly coming 
night, flew across his path on noiseless wing, and alighting low 
down on the bare projecting limb jf a storm-blasted hemlock, 
turned his large, yellow, staring eyes upon the sufferer, and 
hooting loudly, seemed to mock at his calamity, and to sav 
|)lainly, as if in words, "To whoo ! to v.hoo I to whoo-oo ! It 
is I who. it is I w^ho, invisible to thee, have bound thee in my 
spell. It is' I who have wound thee round and round the 
charmed circle aiid brought thee here to die. To whoo ! To 
whoo ! It is time for thee to die, thou dog ! Lie down. I say, 
and die. To whoo ! to whoo ! to whoo-oo ! " 

But the fiercest blood of the Mohawk still ran in the young 
brave's veins. Raising his bow with trembling arm, he let an 
arrow fly, and the taunting monster lay at his feet. Seizing his 
tomahawk, in his lidtly kindliiiL;- ;iiiuci- he would iiave struck the 
l)rosti-at(' bird, when lo 1 into th,' (Iccpciiiiiu- shadows of the fast 
coniiuuiiighl. secMiingly fi-oin oul I he dead bddy of llic owl. flew 
a beautiful white dove. The sloi-iu ceased ; the clouds broke away. 

94 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Tlie dove, fluttering along on silver wing in the soft light of 
the rising hunter's moon, now led the young brave on another 
and better pathway, just as some mother-bird in springtime is 
wont to lead one from her helpless hiding brood when danger 
threatens. 

It was the spirit-bird of the wilderness — the wliite dove of 
Kay-ad-e-ros-se-ras. It had come on its mission that through 
death into life, through night into light, through sorrow into 
joy, it might lead the wanderer home. 

On the morrow the young brave, led l)y the fluttering dove, 
found his elm bark canoe on the shore of the lake. Wending 
his way to the valley of the Mohawk, often round the winter 
camp-fire he told the story of the white dove to the wondering 
maidens of his tribe. To this day his story is a living legend of 
the Mohawks, 

THE LEGEND OF WILD MEADOW, 

The Mourning Kill is a little stream that rises near the line of 
the towns of Galway and Charlton, in Saratoga County, and run- 
ning thence southeasterly through the town of Ballston until it 
crosses both railroad tracks of the Delaware & Pludson Canal 
Company ; a mile northerly of East Line it bends to the north- 
ward and soon finds its way into the Kayaderosseras River, 
From the outlet of Ballston Lake at East Line to the Mourning 
Kill, there was a portage or carrying-place in the old time on 
one of the main Indian trails which led from tlie Mohawk to the 
St. Lawrence. When the Indians travelled in their canoes, they 
always took this route, as by it they had few carrying-places, 
this one at East Line being one of the longest. 

The Mourning Kill, therefore, being on one of the great war 
trails which ran between the Algonquin tribes of Canada and the 
Iroquois nations of the Mohawk Vallo\'. wlio were at perpetual 
war with each other, was in the old time the scene of many a 
savage encounter. 

It so happened oiu-o upon a time, in the moon of wild roses, 
that five hundred Mohawk warriors on their way' to the St, 
Lawrence, while passing down the Mourning Kill, met about an 
equal number of Algonquin braves who were also on the war- 

95 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

path. The place where they met was a wild meadow through 
which the stream wandered in sluggish" winding tide, its banks 
bordered with willows. The grass of the meadow was sprinkled 
with flowers, and on the boughs of the willows the birds had 
hung cosey nests for callow young. It was dewy morning when 
the warriors met in the sweet wild meadow and turned it into a 
field of blood and terror. All day long the battle raged. Nature 
herself was shocked at the spectacle of this dreadful warfare 
between her forest children. At the sight of it the rose blushed 
to crimson in deepest shame, the water lily turned white as snow 
in terror, the willow bent low her boughs in sorrow, and the 
pendant branches of the elms wept showers of tear-drops. 

As this battle raged an eagle hovered over it. Circling high 
above the blood-stained meadow the wildest screams of this bird 
of war seemed but the echo of the Indians' fiendish yells. Each 
side seemed to look upon the presence of this bird as an omen 
of victory to themselves, and each, answering its screams with 
their own, rushed on with tenfold fury. At length, as the sun 
was sinking low in the western sky, the eagle himself seemed to 
tire of the fight, and swooping down, alighted on the limb of a 
pine tree that bent over the meadow, folded his wings, and sat 
gazing on the still undecided encounter. Then it was that a 
strange revulsion of feeling seized simultaneously each strug- 
gling, surviving warrior. Each warrior suddenly ceased fighting, 
and each for the first time became impressed in some mysterious 
way that the bird which he supposed had so long cheered him on 
to victory was not a friend, but was some forest demon that was 
luring the whole band of warriors to swift destruction. Each 
surviving warrior then on either side, in the lull of the fight, for 
a moment stood gazing at the daring bird in anger, and then with 
one accord drew^ his bow toward the bird. Arrows tore through 
the eagle's breast, and the bird fell with a rushing sound into the 
grasses of the blood-stained meadow. But scarcely had the 
eagle's mangled body reached the ground before it seemed trans- 
formed into a gentle dove of wondrous lieauty. The dove at 
once flew u{)WMrd with music-whispering wing and perched upon 
the eagle's seat. There had been a thousand angry arrows ready 
to strike the swooping eagle. In all those savage serried ranks 

96 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

of blood-stained warriors there was not a single shaft that dared 
to harm the dove. It was the spirit-bird of the wilderness, the 
white dove of Kay-ad-e-ros-se-ras, that had come as a blessed 
messenger of peace to break the spell of the battle demon. 

The warriors had met as foes ; they went away as friends. 
Each year in the moon of wild roses they returned to mourn their 
dead, one generation after another coming even until the white 
man came. The little stream has ever since borne its name of 
"The Mourning Kill." 

THE INDIAN GIRL's RESCUE. 

It was the custom of the Indians who lived on the banks of 
Lake Saratoga, not only to submit their young braves to an 
ordeal of torture to fit them for the war-path, but to submit 
their young maidens also to a watery ordeal so severe in its 
nature that only those who could pass it were thought worthy to 
liA'e and become the mothers of generations of Indian braves. 
This ordeal was, that the young maidens, in their thirteenth 
summer, should swim unaided across the lake from a point on 
the western shore of the lake, near the mouth of the Kayaderos- 
seras River, to the high hill on the other side, now called Snake 
Hill, and in the old time Tor-war-loon-da, ''the hill of storms." 

It once happened that an old sachem of the united tribes had 
an only child, a daughter, to succeed him. It was in her thir- 
teenth summer, in the height of the happy green-corn moon, 
that the time came for her to pass the ordeal of water. The 
people all assembled on the shore of the lake to witness the trial 
of their maiden princess, one band and the old sachem, her 
father, on Snake Hill, and the other, with the maiden, on the 
other side of the lake at the accustomed station. The day was 
calm, as it is sometimes wont to be even on this easily ruffled 
lake, in the month of the green-corn moon, and on the given 
signal the maiden ran down the bank of the lake, and, bounding 
like a nimble doe into the water, boldly struck out for the other 
side, where her father in anxious solicitude was awaiting her' 
coming. It was a long distance to swim for a child of her tender 
years, and although it was possible for most of the maidens of 
her tribe to accomplish the feat, yet while in plain sight of the 

97"^ 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

other shore, where her father and his people stood, the Indian 
princess felt her strength give way. She was the daughter of a 
long line of Mohawk kings that had never known fear, and 
believed that her time had come to die. In low, sweet accents, 
like the voice of some wild forest bird, she chanted her death 
song, filling the still evening air with nnearthly melody. 

But what is that ? A new" danger now awaits the struggling 
maiden. The old sachem sees high np in the southern sky a 
little speck, wliich, swiftly coming nearer, proves to be a mon- 
strous bird of prey. Seeing the maiden in the w^aters of the lake, 
the monster bird swooped down with lightning speed, and strik- 
ing his talons into hei" hair, wliile his wings lashed the water into 
foam, he raised her form high above the surface of the lake in 
the attempt to carry her away to his eyrie. But the young 
maiden was too heavy for the monster bird ; he, to save himself, 
let go of his hold, and the terrified girl fell back into the water. 
As she came to the surface after her plunge, the savage bird was 
poised for another swoop, and taking her again, he raised her 
high in the air once more. Yet she was too heavy for him this 
time also, and he again tried to let her go. But in her agony 
the young maiden had this time grasped witli both hands the legs 
of the monster bird. Clinging to them with the desperation 
of death, after her weight had overcome him, she pidled him 
downward with increasing momentum, and the dusky maiden 
and monster bird soon sank together beneath the surface of the 
sleeping lake, the water closing over both bird and maiden 
apparently forever. The father-sachem in his agony, and the 
people around him, saw it all, and as the maiden for the last 
time sank beneath the wave, a wail went up to heaven that 
awoke the echoes of the lake from mountain to shore. 

But in a moment more, "See ! See !" the people cried, and 
lo ! the ripples from the sinking girl had scarcely broken upon 
the shore at the fathei-'s feet before her faultless form in joyous 
maiden beauty rose again from her terrible baptism. Whilt> 
rising upon her feet, as she first struck the shallow water ami 
waded toward the shore, the father-sachem and the people, with 
deepest awe, saw sitting upon the head of the maiden a dove of 
wondrous beauty, its silvery plumage shiiring with starlight 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

lii.^tre, in l)i-illiant eoiilr;ist with lier (ln[)pin(; raven tresses. 
With quivering lips the people whisper to each othei-. " It is Ihe 
white dove of the Kay-ad-e-ros-se-ras — the >})irit-l)ir(l of llie old 
wihlerness — that has again come on its mission to save." But 
the father-sachem, where is he ? Why does he not gi'eet his 
child V x\las ! tiie tremendous i-evulsion from deepest agony to 
wildest joy lias snapped the silver cord that bound Ins trend)ling 
soul to his throbbing heart, and when his daughtei-, tiie i-adiant 
maiden crowned with the silver dove, steps upon the shore, her 
father is dead, her people fall prostrate before her — she is the 
Queen of the Mohawks. 

99 ■ • 




Hegatta iSceue, Saratoga Lake, 




-^ 




CHAPTER YII. 



DRIVES. 

Saratoga is justly celebrated for its fine horses and carriages. 
Excellent drivers and reasonable charges have made riding pop- 
ular, and good roads lead to various places of interest in the 
neighborhood. The grand drive is to 

Saratoga Lake. 

Prom Congress Hall and Broadway to the lake we turn down 
East Congress Street, past Congress Park, and enter the broad 
and beautiful Union Avenue, tlie great fashionable drive. In 
about a mile the village is cleared, and we pass the new race- 
track on the right. The old track, now used for a training- 
ground, is opposite. At the new track, races take place in July 
and August, attracting immense throngs of visitors from all parts 
of the country. Even if no I'aces are going on. it is worth while 
to drive into the grounds and see the place. Beyond the race- 
course the road leads down hill, and affords some lovely views 
of the distant Green Mountains. The magnificent villa of Mr. 
Spencer Trask is on Union Avenue, on the drive to the Jake, and 
the grounds are oi)en to visitors. It will be a pleasant diversion 
to drive through these charming grounds. After })assing a mile 
or two of meadows and woods, the broad road climbs the toj) of a 
level plateau, and reaches the bluff oveilonking Saratoga Lake. 
This bluff is about fifty feet above the lake, affording a full view 
of its placid waters. Saratoga Lake, about eight miles long and 
about two or three miles wide, is a beautiful sheet of water. The 
bold, dome-shaj)ed island towards the east shore of the lake is 
known as SnaKe Hill, and can be reached by steamer ruiniingto 
White Sulphur Sj)rings from the Ianding-j)lace at the north end 
of the lake. The wooded hills at the eiid and theglim|)ses of tlie 
Catskills beyond, the farms and meadows on either bank, the little 

lUO 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

steamers and pleasure-boats everywhere busy on the water, the 
elegant grounds adjoining „he lake, and the several villas on 
its banks, make this a favorite place of resort. Black bass and 
pickerel abound in the water, and at the several road-houses and 
boarding-houses about the lake we may have fish fresh from the 
water, and fried potatoes that have become famous through the 
Union. The boat races held here in the summer attract a great 
company and make a feature of Saratoga life. 

The White Sulphur Springs and Hotel is a resort on the 
eastern shore of the lake, reached by turning to the left just 
before reaching Moon's House. On the return to the village, some 
fine mountain views may be noticed soon after leaving the lake. 

Glen Mitchell. 

A drive out North Broadway to this secluded retreat and 
around Excelsior Lake will be found very pleasant. The route 
is to follow Broadway directly north, passing by Woodlawn Parle 
and following the road br.mching toward the right descending 
the hill to the Glen. Here is the home of the Brotherhood of 
Catholics. Return by driving east to Excelsior Lake. Here turn 
to the right, and follow the shore to Excelsior Park, thence, 
via Spring Avenue and Circular Street, to Congress Park. 

The Geysers, or Spouting- Springs. 

The electric cais run regularly from Broadway and Congress 
Street to these springs ; but it is only a walk of a mile and a 
half, if one chooses to go afoot; and in a private carriage it 
makes a pleasant trip. From Congress Hall turn to the left, and 
follovv' South Broadway to the third turn on the right, and enter 
Ballston Avenue. The street leads to the southwest, diagonally 
from Broadway, and cannot be mistaken. After escaping from 
the houses, the road passes a small giove, and another Indian 
encampment, where the domestic squaw and the infantile 
{)apoose display as much of picturesque beauty as they can com- 
mand, or sell such trinkets as their arts can make. Greater 
charms entice us on— the glass-works and the great natural soda- 
fountains. The open fields that follovv give a wide outlook over 
the country, and to the mountains on either side. Yonder black 

101 



SARATOGA 1 1.LUSTRATET). 

pile of buildings to the right, and just beyond the railroad, are 
the glass-works of the Congress Spring Company. Here are 
made the millions of bottles used in Saratoga, to export its 
waters. The works belong to the Congress Spring Company, 
but nearly all the spring-water firms have more or less of their 
bottles made here. If one has time, it is well worth tiie while to 
turn aside here, and look in upon the swarthy workers, dipping 
their long iron tubes into the white heat of the furnace, and 
drawing out the viscid mass, that, with dexterous toil and dis- 
tended cheeks, they blow into good "pints" and "quarts." 
There is a strange fascination about glass-making, and, as this 
establishment stands in the open fields, one may visit it without 
meeting the gloom and dusty heat of city work^. 

Another grove invites us to walk along its shady edge, and 
splendid views of the Green Mountains open on the left, and then 
we come to the strange group of springs at Geyser. 

The Arondack or Saratog-a Kissingen Spring-. 

and bottling-house is on the north side of the avenue, on the 
slope of the hill east of Geyser Lake. Extensive bottling of 
waters may be observed here, and visitors are welcome. 

The large building to the north and back of the Kissingen 
spring is the power-house of the Electric Railway. The electric 
fluid is made here by the large dynamos, and distributed hence by 
wires to the various parts of the lines. 

Geyser Lake. ^ 

This sheet of water, on the right-hand side of the road, is 
opened freely, by its liberal owner, to such as care to row about 
along its placid waters, and among the little islands and shaded 
nooks that make the lake pretty and attractive. A sign informs 
the passing world of this privilege, with a caution to the voyager 
not to " abuse it." From the lake we pass on towards 

The Saratoga Vichy Spring. 

This celebrated spring is poetically set in an iron fountain, 
under a wooden canopy, on the west side of Geyser Lake, and just 

102 



SARAT0r4A ILLrSTRATKD. 

north of Ballston Avenue. There is a pretty lawn with a niitnber 
of trees and a picturesque farmliouse on one side, and the placid 
little lake on the other, so that the surroundings are quite beau- 
tiful and attractive. This spring is one of the most valuable in 
Saratoga. Its water is very agreeable to tlie taste, and is sold 
largely as a table water. A large bottling business is done at 
the springhouse. 

The Geyser Spring 

is in a large brick building below the falls, south of the avenue, 
and the driveway leads directly to the door. The beautiful 
waterfall and the rapid stream, with its grassy and well -shaded 
banks, dashing past the bottling-house, give the Spring a very 
picturesque surrounding. Entering the building, the visitor is 
courteously shown the wonders of the place. In the center of 
the room is a well, about six feet square, and from the bottom 
rises an iron pipe, from which leaps, in fantastic dance, the 
creamy water of the spring. To allow it full play there is an 
opening in the ceiling, and here it rises and falls, day and night, 
continually. At one side, a faucet, with a nose like a soda 
fountain, enables one to draw a glass. The water boils and 
bubbles out, mingled with bubbles of gas precisely like cream 
soda and all who care may have a free drink. When the 
bubbles have escaped, the water has a wonderful pearly purity 
that tempts one to drink bountifully. 

From the springhouse we enter the delightful landscape scen- 
ery around the spring, and follow a path down into the little 
dell where the stream flows on towards the ravine. From the 
rustic bridge over the brook is a good view of the waterfall, and 
near it may be found a natural sulphur spring. 

The Carlsbad Spring 

house will be observed on the gentle rise of ground to the 
west of Ballston Avenue. A carriage road leads up to the house, 
and a visit to the spring and house will be well worth while. 

Retracing our way back over the bridge and railway and turn- 
ing to the right close by the railway, and then to the left, we are 
brought to the brow of the hill, where the new and valuable 

103 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Saratoga Victoria Spring 

is located in the tine large bottiing-house, overlooking a deep val- 
ley to the south of it. The water of this spring has a very pleas- 
ant taste, and you will enjoy drinking it. In the deep valley, 
which is entered close by the railroad, is the remarkable 

Champion Spring. 

The water for drinking and bottling is drawn in the bottling- 
house. It is a limpid, cold, and delightful drink, and every 
one should have at least a taste, fresh from the lower deeps of 
the earth. This spring is no longer permitted to spout, but its 
waters are confined. The large amount of natural carbonic acid 
gas is extracted from the wate rs and compressed into strong iron 
receivers under great pressure, 1.200 pounds to the inch. The 
gas is sold and shipped to druggists in large cities, for charging 
soda-water fountains and mineral waters with natural carbonic 
acid gas. A large business is done here in this line. 

The Lafayette Spring 
is further south, and east of the railroad. You may reach it by 
turning to the right a little east of the Saratoga Victoria Spring, 
and going a few rods south. Here are quite large buildings 
devoted to extracting and compressing natural carbonic acid gas 
and shipping it to druggists in the cities. This spring water con- 
tains the largest amount of gas of all the springs. 

Ballston Spa 
is the county town of Saratoga County, and is seven miles south 
of Saratoga Springs. The drive is through Ballston Avenue, 
past Geyser Spring, following by the side of the railroad to Ball- 
ston village. It is a very pretty town of about 4,000 inhabitants. 
The village has long been celebrated for its mineral springs. 
The waters are quite similar in chemical properties to those of 
Saratoga, and are doubtless drawn from the same natural medic- 
inal reservoir. The principal springs already developed are the 
Ballston Artesian Lithia, Washington, Franklin, Sans Souci. and 
the new Corporation S|)ring. The Ballston Artesian Lithia 
Spring is the most celebrated, and its bottling-house is on the 
Saratoga drive, at the north end of the village. 

104 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Lake Lovely. 
This small lake is not far from the village of Saratoga, and 
near Union Avenue. It is rather pretty, and has a good echo on 
the eastern shore, but beyond this it has no special interest. 

Chapman's Hill. 

This makes a pleasant drive, and the view from the top is said 
to be very good. 

Wagman's Hill 
Is more distant and higher, giving still more extended and 
striking views. A number of mineral springs are here shown, 
one of which, charged with an inflammable gas, is very inter- 
esting. 

Waring Hill. 

This is on the Mount Pleasant road, and makes a good all-day 
excursion. The ride is about fifteen miles, through a pleasant 
country, and the view from the top includes Ballston, Saratoga, 
Schenectady, Waterford, Mechanicsville, Schuylerville, Saratoga, 
and Round Lakes. 

The Prospect Hills of Greenfield. 

These hills are about Sj miles northwest of Saratoga Springs. 
They are reached by the way of Waring Avenue west to Gran- 
ger's four corners, thence north two miles ; or through Green- 
field Avenue in a northwesterly direction to Locust-Grove Cor- 
ners, thence north half a mile. The view of the Green Mount- 
ains is very fine, and, to the south, the Helderberg Hill, of 
Albany, and the Catskills beyond, fringe the horizon, while 
Saratoga Springs is spread out like a map below. 

Corinth. 
Here are some bold falls on the upper Hudson. The carriage 
ride is fifteen miles. By the Adirondack Railway, the falls are 
reached from a station called Jessup's Landing. 

Luzerne. 

This pretty village, at the confluence of the Sacandaga and 
Hudson, is about twenty miles from the springs. 

li,5 




▲ CORNER IN WOODLA.WN PARK. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Burgoyne's Campaign and The Saratoga Battle Ground. 

(Condensed from Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth's History of 
Burgoyne's Cami)aign.) 

Few events in history are more intensely dramatic than tha 
campaign of Burgoyne, in 1777, from Canada to Saratoga. 

Burgoyne had witnessed the battle of Bunker Hill, and had 
studied the war critically. He was commissioned to begin a cam- 
paign from Canada, and Sir William Howe was to cooperate from 
New York, and join him at Albany. St. Leger was designated 
to command an expedition from Lake Ontario through the 
Mohawk Valley to Albany. The great province of New York 
was thus threatened from three quarters. Burgoyne's army and 
Indian allies concentrated at St. John's. June 12th, 1777, and 
moved southward through Lake Champlain with great pomp 
and splendor. The Indians led with their canoes, followed by 
the Royal Navy. Crown Point was reached, without opposition, 
on June 30th, 1777, and there Burgoyne issued his famous order: 
" This army must not retreat." 

Burgoyne's army of 10,000 invested Ticonderoga on July 5th 
St. Clair was compelled to retreat, under cover of night, with his 
small army, up the lake to Schenesborough (Whitehall), and on 
to Fort Ann and Fort i^idward, where he made a stand and was 
reinforced by General Schuyler. Here they stayed Burgoyne's 
advance by obstructirg the roads and stripping the country of 
forage. Schu\ler then lell back to Stillwater, 

Burgoyne reached Fort Edward, July 18 th, and found his 
perplexities increasing. He sent an expfdition, August 13th, 
under Colonel Baum, to capture the American supplies stored at 
Bennington, Vt. Brave General Stark rallied the militia and 
checked Baum's advance six miles from Bennington. On the 
morning of the 16th, placing himself at the head of his column. 
Stark exclaimed : " There are the red-coats ; before night they 
must be ours, or Molly Stark's a widow " ! He charged upon the 
entrenchments of the enemv with great fury. The British fought 
bravely, but Baum was killed and his surviving troops were made 
prisoners. The British reinforcements escaped under cover of 
night, leaving baggage and artillery behind. This victory in- 
spired the Americans and disheartened the enemy. Baum was 
defeated and dead. St. Leger's Mohawk Valley Expedition had 
failed, and Burgoyne's army was in a crippled condition and in 

luti 




ARMORY TWENTY-SECOND SEPARATE COMPANY, SARATOGA. 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

the midst of increasing dangers. But still Burgoyne said 
'' This army must not retreat," and pressed ou towards Albany 
General Gates had succeeded General Schuyler, and Kosciuskc 
the Polish ougineei, had located a camp at Bemis Heights, fou 
miles above Stillwater, where the Americans waited Burgoyne',, 
approach. " Quietness an' i gloom hung about the heavy columm 
of his army. No drums were beat, or trumpets sounded ; mys 
teriously, laboriously and persistently this strictly disciplined 
army was held to its course by the dogged determination and the 
impelling will of its commander." 

The Americans were entrenched on a spur of hills approaching 
the Hudson. Earthworks were thrown across the meadow to the 
river. The heights were to the north and west. Breastworks 
were projected in a semi-circle nearly a mile towards the north 
an 1 redoubts established at intervals. September 19th Bur- 
goyne's army advanced. The left was commanded by Riedesel 
along the river. Frazer's division took the west and right and 
Burgoyne le ] the cen re, his object being a union with Frazer's 
division in the rear of the Ainerican camp. The Americans 
charged the enemy with great impetuosity. The battle was 
fie cely contested. The Americans often scattering before the 
British bayonets, and the Brit sh frequently fleeing from the 
Americans' deadly fire. At night the Americans retired into their 
camp. The British held the field with a barren victory. They 
were foiled in their main object, but convinced that those who 
fight for freedom and for country fight for victory or death. 

Calm after storm followed ; and the two armies, skillfully en- 
trenched, lay face to face from Sept. 20th, to Oct. 7th — the 
Americans exultant, the British dejected. The former restful 
in their conscious strength ; the latter restless under impending 
disaster. The Americans had recaptured Ticonder. ga and the 
Lake George garrisons. No aid came to Burgoyne from the 
Lower Hudson. October 17th Burgoyne attacked the American 
left with select troops, led in person by Riedesel, Frazer and 
Phillips. The Americans rushed furiously upon their adversaries, 
and so terrible was the onslaught that in less than twenty 
minutes "the flower of the army" was completely routed. 
Burgoyne took command, and rushed into the thickest of the 
battle to rally his army ; but he could not check a hurricane, 

107 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Americans swept on, like a resistless storm, and drove their 
enemies from the field. One of ""the fifteen decisive battles of 
history " had been fought and American Independe ce assured. 

Burgoyne's array took refuge under the redoubts during the 
Hth of October, and the day was spent in skirmishing. At nine 
o'clock of that same night, Burgoyne ordered a full retreat, and 
next day encamped his arm^y on the heights above Schuylerville. 
He was followed by the Americans, surrounded and compelled tc 
surrender. On the 17th of October, 1777, the British army 
marched out of their camps under their own oflBcers and laid 
down their arms on the plain near old Fort Hardy, just above 
Schuylerville. Led by a guard bearing the stars and stripes and 
a band playing Yankee Doodle, the British army marched be- 
tween the files of their victors, and Burgoyne presented his 
Bword to General Gates on "The Field of the Grounded Arms." 
The spot is now commemorated by a national monument. 
Memorial Tablets. 

Through the patriotic efforts of Mrs. Walworth, memorial tablets 
have been placed on the "Battle Grounds" to mark historic points. 

1. British line of Battle, Oct. 7, when first attacked by Morgan, 

Poor and Learned. 

2. Freeman's Cottage, and the Soldiers Well, where the most 

bloody encounter took place in both battles. 

3. Spot where Frazer fell. 

4. Brill ge in Frazer's camp. March of the British center, Sept. 19. 

5. Burgoyne' s headquarters, 

6. Balcarras Redoubt. 

7. Line of American Redoubts. 

8. Morgan's and Poor's Headquarters. 

9. Gates' Headquarters and Hospital. 

10. Site of Bemis' Tavern. 

1 1 . American Redoubts near the river. 

12. Position of American artillery, October 8th. 

13. Taylor's Hou-e where Madame Riedesel saw Frazer's funeral 

14. Spot where Frazer is buried. 

15. Sword's House. 

16. Point where Lady Ackland embarked. 

17. Breyman's camp-flank defense. Key to British position, cap« 

tured at sunset, Oct. 7th. Here Arnold was wounded. 
108 



CHAPTER VIII. 



AMUSEMENTS. 



It may be said of Saratoga Springs that ** its face is its fort- 
une." Eight months in the year it lives in fond recollections of 
the last season, or in hopes of the next. June, July, .-August, 
and September it devotes to the solemn duty of entertaining its 
thousands of visitors. It iuay be a solemn thing for the natives, 
but for the visitors it is highly jolly. As its face is its fortune, 
the village, with great worldly wisdom, endeavors to wear as 
pretty a face as it can, and makes a special effort to entertain its 
company. The result is a gratifying success. 

The stranger, on arriving, at once asks for an "order of exer- 
cises." What are the proper things to do ? how do you do them ? 
and what are the correct hours ? The programme has never been 
printed, and the best that can be done is to refer to the charms 
of the place, and let the intelligent visitor take his choice. 

The first and most proper thing to do is to get up and go out 
before breakfast for a drink of spring water. Of course, one has 
duly consulted an IVH D. in regard to this matter, and settled 
beforehand whicli spring is to be patronized. If this has been 
neglected, the chances are of receiving a vast amount of earnest 
and useless advice from innocents who have imbibed, and been 
cured of various prosaic complaints that they were heirs to from 
their youth up. One must be i)roof against these gi-atuitous 
advice-givers, and learn to listen to their tales of woe with amused 
resignation and heroic neglect. Select your own spring, and 
never take the advice of any one, unless it be your wife or a 
medical man. 

Determined to have a good time, the visitor no sooner escapes 
the advice of the good-natured incapables than lie takes his pre- 
scribed glass and, in a tiiankful frame of mind, turns to see tlie 
others drink. Their ways are various — very. Some imbibe vast 

109 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

gobletfuls with a heroic smile ; some sip from dainty cups, and 
try to make people think they like it— which isn't true. Others 
simply drink, and drink, and drink, till the spectator is lost in 
wonder, love, and praise to think they do not explode like a 
defective soda-fountain. Some call it delicious ; others, horrid ; 
and some don't drink at all, being timid withal. No place in the 
world will so bring out the likes and dislikes, weaknesses and 
small vanities of people, as a Saratoga spring early in the morn- 
ing. To stand on one side and see the performance serves 
as an exhilarant, and will make one good-natured for half a day. 
This episode being over, one may return to the hotel for break- 
fast. By this time the morning meal acquires a wonderful inter- 
est. The waters act as a splendid stimulant to the appetite, and 
one is inclined to be particularly courageous with knife and fork. 
This, too, may be called part of the amusement programme, for 
the filling of such a particularly fine multitude is a performance 
both entertaining and peculiar. When half a thousand people 
take coffee together, there is sure to be much that is original and 
amusing, and nowhere in the world are such gorgeous and mul- 
titudinous breakfasts served under one roof as at Saratoga 
Springs. Breakfast over, one may do as he pleases, with the 
most refreshing freedom— that is, if you are a man. If not, an 
iron rule of conduct has been laid down for the ordering of your 
uprising and downsitting, goings out and comings in. This is 
the solemn formula announced by one of those awful authorities 
that rule the fashionable world. Every lady will read it with 
tears of gratitude when she thinks of the humiliating disaster 
its obedience will save her. 

" Rise and dress ; go down to the spring ; drink to the music 
of the band ; walk around the beautiful Congress Park ; bow 
to gentlemen ; chat a little : drink again ; breakfast ; see who 
comes in on the train ; take a siesta ; walk in the parlor ; bow to 
gentlemen ; have a little small talk with gentlemen ; have some 
gossip with ladies ; dress for dinner ; take dinner an hour and a 
half ; sit in the grounds, and hear the music of the band ; ride 
to the lake ; see who comes by the evening train ; dress for tea ; 
get tea ; dress for the hop ; attend the hop ; chat a while in the 
parlors, and listen to a song from some guest ; go to bed." 

110 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The amount of wisdom involved in the above rules for con- 
duct while in Saratoga is immense. See what delights, what 
charms of social intercourse, what heavenly pleasu rings are 
spread before the lady visitor ! Society is made for the young 
lady — and so is Saratoga. The sensible girl, the young woman 
with a mind of lier own, laughs a scornful laugh at such folly, 
and does as she pleases with Young American independence. She 
listens to the band if she wants to ; she visits the Indians or the 
circular railway, practices archery, or visits the interesting and 
instructive Pompeia on South Broadway, where is reproduced the 
House of Pansa at Pompeii, which was buried by Vesuvius in 
A. D, 79, or visits the shops of Saratoga, or she does what she 
likes, and does not go to bed at all if there is a ball going on. 
Put ten thousand well-educated people, with nothing to do and 
great skill in doing it, in half-a-dozen houses not half-a-mile 
apart, and, in the nature of things, there are "good times" in 
abundance. Small need of such a silly programme as the above, 
while half the village stands ready to amuse the visitors and 
all the visitors stand ready to amuse themselves. There are 
walks and drives, music and dancing, parties both small and 
great, hops every night, and a grand ball every week. There are 
excursions in every direction, and fifty thousand well-dressed 
people to see in a week. The wealth, brains, and culture of the 
country meet at Saratoga Springs, and any one can find abun- 
dance -to do, to see, and to admire. There is no lack of social 
intercourse of the most refined and cultivated kind. 

For those who prefer muscular delights there are the numerous 
billiard parlors and bowling-places, where the festive ball and 
ninepins may be rolled and tumbled to one's heart's content. 
These establishments are well arranged and admirably kept. 

Boat-races. 

Rowing regattas are held at Saratoga Lake annually, and have 
embraced races between college crews and other amateurs, as 
well as professional oarsmen. They usually begin in July, and 
occur at intervals during the season. These regattas are often 
attended by a large concourse of peoi)le, who gather on the shores 

111 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

or embark on the lake in rowboats and launches, and present a 
very lively scene while the regattas are in progress. 

The Saratoga Golf Club 

is the leading society club in Saratoga Springs devoted to athletic 
sports. It has very superior Golf Links in the northwest part of 
the village easily reached from the leading hotels and principal 
boarding-houses of the town. Tournaments are held throughout 
the season. Splendid golf and brilliant assemblages of lovers of 
the sport are frequently seen on these superb golf grounds. 

The New Polo Field 

recently completed at an expense of several thousand dollars, is 
adjacent to the Golf Links and is very picturesque and beautiful. 
Tournaments are held in July, August, and September yearly, 
and afford splendid exhibitions of this brilliant and manly sport. 

The Floral Parades. 

One of the most l)eautiful spectacles, among the many enter- 
tainments whicli Saratoga affords to its visitors, is the floral 
parade which usually takes place in the first part of September, 
under the auspices of the Saratoga Floral Festival Association. 
These parades have l>een made exceedingly beautiful and attract- 
ive. No single event at Saratoga can perhaps compete with the 
grand floral parade given annually in September. The hotels, 
boarding-houses, spring companies, various business enterprises, 
and private residents and visitors vie with each other in making 
this event one of the most beautiful that can be conceived. 
Lnmense floats drawn by several pairs of horses and decorated 
in the most elaborate and artistic manner, accompanied by cos- 
tumed paraders, nuircli through the streets, representing almost 
every nati(mality and some of the nu)st brilliant and interesting 
scenes in the woi-ld. Tiie parade is a niatler of universal interest. 
Tt is estimated that 100,000 people witnessed the last })arade, and 
5,000 people attended the magnificent ball given in the gor- 
geously decorated auditorium of Convention Mall. It is well 
worth the while of visitors at Saratoga to remain there until this 
wonderfully beautiful demonstration takes place. 

112 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Bicycle Paths and Roads. 

The citizens of Saratoga, recognizing the great popularity of 
cycling, and the demands of so many visitors to Saratoga for 
proper facilities for this healthful and delightful exei'cise. have 
prepared several cycle paths especially set apart for the tiso of 
bicyclers. At considerable expense sevei'al delightful paths have 
been laid out, running from Saratoga Springs to various points 
in its vicinity. Recently a cycle path has been constructed 
along the side of the carriage road from Saratoga Springs to the 
several geyser springs. Another has been constructed along the 
south side of Union Avenue from Saratoga Springs to Saratoga 
Lake, making a route of eight miles for the round trip. Another 
very important path is from the village of Saratoga Springs to 
Glens Falls and return, making a round trip of forty miles. 

For the information of visitors to the Springs a list of the 
more important paths and routes, with the length thereof, is 
here given : 

3-Mile Ride — Geysers and return, via Cycle Path out Balls- 
ton Avenue. 
4-Mile Ride — Yaddo and return, via Union Avenue. 
5-Mile Ride — Woodlawn Park, via North Broadway. 
6-Mile Ride — Around Cycle Path, via Ballston Avenue and 

South Broadway, 
7-Mile Ride — Lake Avenue to Kinkleys, to Union Avenue, to 

Broadway. 
8-Mile Ride — Saratoga Lake and return, via Union Avenue 
Cycle Path. 
14-Mile Ride — Ballston Spa and return, via Ballston Avenue 

Cycle Path. 
16-Mile Ride — White Sulphur Spring and return, via Union 

Avenue, along east bank of lake. 
24-Mile Ride — Round Lake and return, via South Broadway. 
40-Mile Ride— Glens P'iills and return, via Glens Falls Cycle 

Path. 
60-Mile Ride— Lake George and return, via Glens Falls Cycle 

Path. 
80-Mile Ride- Albany and return, via Cycle Paths. 
iOO-Mile Ride— Castleton and return, via Cycle Paths. 
113 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

The Florida Ostrich Farm 

on Geyser Avenue, about a half mile from the village, is one of 
the entertaining sights of Saratoga and is a unique feature. 
Here in an enclosure of about two acres are exhibited some of the 
finest specimens of African ostriches, Chinese golden pheasants, 
and English pheasants that are to be found in any country. 
Birds of all ages are here to be seen with various developments 
of plumage — from the slender pin feathers of the baby birds a 
few days old to luxuriant and brilliant plumages of the full- 
grown ostrich weighing 250 to 300 pounds each. Most of the 
ostriches have been brought to Saratoga from the celebrated 
ostrich farms in Florida, Arizona, and California, but some of 
the wee birds have first seen the light in the buoyant Saratoga 
atmosphere. Each pair of breeding birds is kept in a small 
corral of about 50 by 150 feet, and are fed on clover, hay, corn, 
oats, barley, etc. The younger birds roam in troops in larger 
enclosures, and a group of birds running with their wings out- 
spread, alarmed, it may be, at some unusual sight, is a most 
beautiful spectacle. The birds are all named, and some of the 
breeding birds bear the names of such distinguished magnates as 
President McKinley, Queen Victoria, Mark Hanna, Joe Wheeler, 
Napoleon and Josephine, Admiral Dewey and Miss Manila, etc. 

An average bird weighs from 250 to 300 pounds and stands 
seven to ten feet high. The ostrich is omnivorous and voracious 
and to some extent carnivorous. Shortly after pairing the birds 
build their nests, which they do by digging holes in the ground 
in which the eggs are laid. 

An ostrich egg weighs about three and one half pounds. The 
unfertile eggs are blown and are readily sold, either plain or 
decorated, as souvenirs of the Florida Ostrich Farm, for one 
dollar each. The wing feathers of the male ostrich are the 
largest and most valuable, and many of them are ivory-white in 
color and very beautiful. Beautiful ostrich feathers are on 
exhibition at the ostrich farm on Geyser Avenue, with souvenir 
eggs and other specimens. It will well repay the visitors of 
Saratoga Springs to pay a visit to this interesting and unicpit' 
exhibit. The admission fee to the corral is 25 cents, but one who 
sees the exhibit will feel amply re[)aid for the visit. 

114 



H 
^ S3 

1 ^ 

- a 



« b 
3 > 



(J5 




SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

SARATOGA TRACTION CO.'S ELECTRIC RAILWAY. 

This conij)any oijcrates several miles of electric railway run- 
ning from Saratoga S})rings to Saratoga Ijake and the Geyser 
Springs and Ballston Spa. The depot and ticket office are oppo- 
site Congress Spring Park on Broadway, just north of llie 
Columbian Hotel. The railway begins at Broadway, south of 
the Grand Union Hotel and opposite Congress Spring Park, and 
runs through Hamilton and other streets, one branch running to 
Geyser Spring and Park, and Ballston Spa, 8 miles distant, and an- 
other through Saratoga A'illage eastward to Saratoga Race Track, 
and south of Union Avenue to Lake Lovely and Saratoga Lake. 

The company has several fine cars, which furnish splendid 
opportunity for observing the beautiful scenery and enjoying the 
pure mountain atmosphere that prevails at Saratoga Springs. 
The cars are operated by the trolley system of electricity, and are 
run regularly every few minutes to Saratoga Lake, Geyser 
Spring, and Ballston Spa, and passengers are dropped at any 
point along the route where they desire to leave the train. The 
management is very obliging, and affords visitors every reason- 
tible opportunity to enjoy the trip from Saratoga Springs to 
Saratoga Lake and the Geyser Springs. 

The trip over the electric railway from Saratoga Springs to 
Saratoga Lake, and thence by steamer through Saratoga Lake to 
White Sulphur Springs Hotel and return, is one of the most 
delightful excursions that can be taken at Saratoga or any other 
place. The route is mostly through meadows and fields and 
not on the highway, and is therefore free from dust and other 
annoyances which attend railroading in the public streets. 

At the terminus of the road at Saratoga Lake is a wharf at which 
immediate connection is made with steam launches that run 
through the lake. Passengers can stop at the race track, or Lake 
Lovely, or at any other point where they desire to leave the cars, 
on giving notice to the conductor. Trips are made every day 
throughout the season at stated intervals, and time-tables and 
cards of information can be obtained at the passenger station 
on Broadway, and at the principal hotels of the village. Every 
visitor to Saratoga Springs should take a trip on this railway to 
the Geysers and Saratoga Lake. 

115 




i^W^^ 



CHAPTER IX. 

EXCURSIONS. 

The summer visitor at Saratoga, who has become somewhat 
weary of tiie constant bustle and excitement of the fashionable 
world, often yearns for the green fields, the grand old mountains, 
the fragrant wildwoods, and the real picturesqueness of the 
country. It cannot be denied that Saratoga, so rich in its spas 
and entertaining in its social amusements, is deficient in those 
natural attractions which constitute the charm of real country 
life. But within a few miles of the village are many interesting 
and beautiful places, which may be visited from Saratoga in one 
or two days' time. These excursions will afford very acceptable 
variety to Saratoga gayety, and the highest enjoyment of country 
life. The one route affording the greatest variety of really beau- 
tiful and romantic scenery, is the 

Adirondack Railroad. 

Beginning at Saratoga Springs, it runs in a northerly direction 
towards the great hunting and fishing grounds of Northern New 
York. The road is projected through the heart of tiie Great Wilder- 
ness to Ogdensburg, on the St, Lawrence River, and is intended to 
open up these vast wilds, of 150 miles diameter, to civilization, 
and the easy access of the tourist and hunter. It now runs to Lu- 
zerne, Hadley, Thurman, Riverside, and North Creek, a distance 
of 57 miles from Saratoga Springs, forming the most direct rail- 
road route to the Valley of the Upper FTudson and the Wilder- 
ness. At Riverside stages connect, running to Chester, Potters- 
ville, steamers on Schroon Lake, and to the upper country. 
From North Creek stages run to Jackson's Blue Mountain Lake 
and Cedar River Falls, the most desii-able rendezvous and start- 
ing-point from which to reach Racpiette Lake and the heart of 
the Great Forest. Express trains leave Saratoga Springs on 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

arrival of the morning trains from the South, connecting on 
return with the trains going South. Along and near this road are 
some of the most romantic and charming spots to be found in the 
worki We mention a few of these excursions, which will be 
found delightful, with a small company of congenial companions. 
Before starting, buy one of Taintor's Hudson River Guides, price 
25 cents, at the Saratoga book-store, which gives a map and de- 
scription of villages and scenery. 

Excursions. 

No. 1. — To Jessup's Landing, on the Hudson River, 17 
miles from Saratoga, via Adirondack Railroad, at the edge of the 
wild and mountainous Adirondack region. Objects of interest — 
the 70 feet falls in the Hudson, with the half-mile rapids above ; 
the grand and beautiful mountain scenery, and the extensive 
manufactory of the Hudson River Pulp Company for making 
pulp from wood, for the manufacture of paper. Dine at the 
hotel, and return to Saratoga by the afternoon train. 

No. 2. — To Luzerne, Warren .County, N. Y., 22 miles from 
Saratoga, via Adirondack Railroad. Leave Saratoga on the 
morning train ; cross the Sacondaga River on the railroad bridge, 
4")0 feet long and 9G feet high. Visit the charming little village 
on the banks of the Hudson River, between the mountains on 
either side, 600 feet high ; the rapids and falls in the river ; the 
beautiful Lake Luzerne, affording fine trout-fishing or sailing. 
Dine at The Wayside Inn, C. C. Lester, Proprietor, and return 
to Saratoga in the afternoon of the same day, or the next day, 
as you choose. 

No. 3. — To Schroon Lake, Warren County, N. Y., via Adi- 
rondack Railroad, 50 miles, to Riverside, on the Hudson, thence 
by stage, 6 miles to Pottersville, foot of Schroon Lake. Steamboat 
excursion on the lake ; Leland's or Windsor hotel ; Schroon Lake 
village ; fine fishing or hunting ; charmingly ])icturesque scenery. 
Remain over-night at either of the good hotels — Windsor Hotel, 
Leiand House, Ondawa House, or others. Return via same route 
to Saratoga next day or later. 

No. 4.— To Blue Mountain Lake and Cedar River 
FaHs, Hamilton County, N. Y , via morning train on Adiron- 

117 



SARATOGA TLLLSTRATEIh 

(lack Railroad to North Creek, 58 miles ; thence by singe, 20 miles^ 
to Riley's, formerly Jackson's, via " Fourteeiitli " '' Indian River"; 
thence to Bhie Mountain Lake, 10 miles from Jackson's, at even- 
ing of same day. Two or three good hotels and boarding-houses 
in vicinity of Raquette Lake ; Moose Lake ; Mohican Lake ; Three 
Cedar Lakes ; Sumner Lake ; Shedd Lake ; Moose River, the 
finest trout fishing in the Adirondacks. The route to Cedar River 
Falls diverges from Jackson's via stage to Wakley's Hotel, Cedar 
River Falls, "13 miles disant. Return at leisure via same route. 

No 5. — To Lake George, by morning train on Delaware and 
Hudson Canal Co. R.R. to Whitehall, Ticonderoga, and Bald- 
win's ; thence by steamer on Lake George to Fort William Henry 
Hotel ; thence by railroad to Glen's Falls and Fort Edward ; 
back to Saratoga same day. This is the most delightful excur- 
sion that can be completed in one day from Saratoga. 

Or, via morning train on Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s 
Railroad to Fort Edward, Glen's Falls ; thence by rail through 
wild and mountainous scenery to Lake George. On the same 
morning at 9, take steamer down Lake George to Baldwin's : 
thence by Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. to Ticonderoga, 
Whitehall, and Saratoga, arriving in time for supper. 

No. 6.— To Lake Champlain, via Delaware and Hudson 
R.R. to Whitehall and Fort Ticonderoga, thence by Lake Cham- 
plain steamer to Port Kent ; thence by K. A. C. and L. C. R.R. 
to Ausable Chasm. Return via same route, or by Lake Champlain 
steamer to Ticonderoga, thence by Del. and Hud. R.R. to Bald- 
win's, thence by Lake George steamer through Lake George to 
Caldwell, thence Del. and Hud. R.R. to Saratoga. Tickets Ijetween 
P'ort Ticonderoga and Hotel Champlain, Port Kent, or Platts- 
burgh are accepted by either the Delaware and Hudson R.R. Co. 
or the Champlain Transportation Co., at the option of the holder. 

No. 7.— To Ballston Spa, 7 miles, via Delaware & Hudson 
Canal Co.'s R.R. Visit Artesian Lithia Spring, Sans Souci 
Boiling Spring, and others. Return at 8 or G p.m., on same day. 

No. 8. — To Round Lake, via Delaware & Hudson Canal 
Co.'s Railroad, 12 miles. National Camp-Meeting (irounds of 
the Methodist Church, Round Lake. Visit grove, cottages, and 
lake. Dine at hotel. Return same day, at 3 or p.m. 

118 



SARATOGA ILLUSTKATED. 

No. 9.— To Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., 22 miles, 
via morning train Delaware and Hudson Co.'s Railroad to Sche- 
nectady. Visit the college and city. Return by 5 o'clock train, 
same day, to Saratoga, via same route. 

No, 10. — To Hoosac Tunnel, Mass., via morning train on 
Fitchburg Railroad to Hoosac Tunnel, 5 miles long. Return to 
Saratoga same day, via same route. 

No. 11. — To Saratoga Battle Grounds, 15 miles east of 
Saratoga Springs, by Fitchburg Railroad, private carriage or 
stage, to Bemis' Heights and Stillwater. Dine at Schuylerville, 
and return same day, or next day, as you choose; or 

No. 12. — Saratoga Battle Grounds. Fitchburg Railroad, 
via Saratoga Lake, to Battle Ground Station. Return same day. 

No. 13. — Schuylerville, Scene of Burgoyne's Surrender. 
Fitchburg Railroad to Schuylerville, 12 miles. Visit National 
Monument and ruins of old Fort Harding. Return same day. 

No. 14. — To Mt. McGregor, ten miles from Saratoga Springs. 
Formerly reached by a railroad, but now ascended only by car- 
riage road. The view is magnificent and wide. There are no 
hotel accommodations on the mountain at present. 

No. 15. Manchester, Vt., via Delaware and Hudson Rail- 
road to Rutland, on morning train ; thence, via Harlem Exten- 
sion Railroad, to Manchester, Vt. Remain over-night at 
Equinox House, and return next day by same route, or via. North 
Bennington and Troy. 

The Fitchburg Railway 

runs from Saratoga Springs to Schuylerville, Saratoga Lake, 
Stillwater, Mechanicsville, Hoosac Falls, Williainstown, North 
Adams, Hoosac Tunnel, Greenfield, Miller's Falls, Athol, Worces- 
ter, Fitchburg and Boston. 

The Hoosac Tunnel Route. 
This line of railroad was formed by the union of the Boston, 
Hoosac Tunnel, and Western Railroad with the Saiatoga Lake 
Railway, the whole being absorbed by tiio Fitchburg Railway, 
which now owns and operates the entire line. The railroad from 
Saratoga Springs to Saratoga Lake was completed and opened to 
travel on the 1st of July, 1881. The Boston, Hoosac Tunnel, and 

119 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Western Railroad opened its new line from Mechanicsville to 
Sarato^^a Lake shortly after. This railroad has brought Saratoga 
Lake and other beautiful and interesting surroundings of Sara- 
toga witiiin easy and comfortable access of visitors, at very small 
expense. The Saratoga station of the Fitchburg l^ailroad is on 
Lake Avenue, one block east of the City Hail. The railroad 
runs along in front of the Magnetic, Seltzer, High Rock, Star, 
and Red Springs, passing by the Loughberry Water-works, Ex- 
celsior Spring. Eureka and White Sulphur Springs, to Saratoga 
Lake, Mechanicsville, the Hoosac Tunnel, and Boston. A branch 
of the main line diverges at Schuyler Junction to Schuylerville, 
Bemis Heights, and Saratoga Battle Grounds. At Saratoga Lake, 
five miles from Saratoga, connection was formerly made with 
steam-launches which ran on the lake, to White Suli)hur Springs, 
Hotel, and Park, on the east side of the lake, toward its southern 
end, thus offering a very pleasant excursion to Saratoga visitors 
over the railroad and through the lake, but this route has now been 
discontinued. Excursion trains are also run to and from Schuy- 
lerville, the scene of Burgoyne's surrender and the site of the 
National Monument, and also to the station nearest to the Sara- 
toga Battle Grounds, now marked with memorial tablets. These 
interesting historic grounds are well worthy of a visit, and the 
railroad facilities offered .bring them within convenient access to 
Saratoga visitors at a vei-y moderate expense. The trip can be 
made easily in one day, and all the interesting historical points 
can be visited. Another pleasant excursion on this line is from 
Saratoga to the great Hoosac Tunnel at North Adams, Mass. 
This tunnel is five miles long, and is one of the greatest engineer, 
ing works in this country. It is lighted by 1,250 incandescent 
lights. The visitor can nuike the excursion from Saratoga in the 
morning, stopping for dinner at the hotels at the tunnel, and re- 
turning to Saratoga the same day. Special excursions can be 
arranged with the Fitchburg Railroad at any time during the 
season of summer travel. This line offers the shortest route 
between Saratoga Springs and I^oston and the East. The excur- 
sion rate to Boston and return is ow, and the route is through 
some of the most beautiful and interesting scenery of New 
England. 

120 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 



An excursion over the Saratoga Ti'aetion Company's Electric 
Railway to Saratoga Lake and the White Sulphur Springs and 
Park is charming and delightful. 

The White Sulphur Springs Hotel is elegantly fitted up, and 




SARATOGA LAKE. 
From White Sulphur Springs Hotel and Park. Snake Hill in the distance. 

has several private dining-rooms for parties who desire to dine 
by themselves, and ample accommodations for regular guests. 

The grounds about the hotel comprise over 100 acres of hjau- 
tiful lawn, shaded by grand old forest trees, among which are 
miles of walks and many charming retreats. 

Several pretty cottages on the grounds are to be rented, 
either with or without board at the hotel. Elegant and commo- 
dious bath-houses, offering superior facilities for sulphur and 
mineral baths, both hot and cold, are connected with the hotel. 

121 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 
Mount McGregor 

is a wild, picturesque and beautiful thousand acre mountain 
forest park, ten miles north of and 1,000 feet above Saratoga 
Springs. Some years ago, appreciating the advantages of this 
('harming mountain, and foreseeing its popularity as a moun- 
lani annex for Saratoga's 100,000 annual visitors, Mr. Duncan 
^Mclrregor constructed a carriage road up the mountain and built 
a liohd on the summit, and thus became the pioneerof this famous 
mountain resort. The hotel was destroyed by fire in 1898. 

Undying interest is attached to Mount McGregor from the fact 
tiiat it was here that General Ulysses S. Grant, America's greatest 
military chieftain, passed away. lie died on August 7, 1885, in 
t he Drexel cottage, on the summit of the mountain. He was moved 
liere from New York a short time before his death, in the hope 
that the pure invigorating atmosphere of Mount McGregor 
might prolong the life of the great and distinguished general. 

Xotwithstanding its apparent inaccessibility, before the steam 
railroad was ])uilt, thousands visited it every year, and every 
visitor became a traveling advertisement for this charming spot. 
Saratoga's most famous guests had driven over the long and 
tedious road with their elegant turnouts to enjoy the exhilarating 
atmosphere of Mount McGregor. 

The final development of this beautiful Adirondack annex to 
Saratoga was undertaken and accomplished by Mr. W. J. Arkell, 
of G«inajoharie, X. Y. To his artistic appreciation and resistless 
})ersistence is largely due the organization of the Saratoga, Mount 
McGregor and Lake George Railway Company. The railroad 
was begun in March, 1883, and completed to the summit of 
Mount iMcGregor the following June, but abandoned in 1898. 

The rise of gi-ound in Broadway, Saratoga, is the beginning of 
the Adirondack Range, gradually ascending toward tlie north. 
iNlount McGregor is the first bold spur of tlie Adirondacks, rising 
1,000 feet above Saratoga, and otdy ten miles away. The view 
from the summit of the mountain is remarkably beautiful. 

Fjir away to the noi'tli and northwest the far-famed Adiron- 
dacks lean against the sky, with pinnacles towering, king-like, 
above. Prospect Mountain in tlie north, and French Moun- 
tain in the northeast, define the gigantic watersheds of the 

122 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

delicate Tiake George. The beautiful Hudson forms a crescent 
only two miles below us, and meanders away to the northeast. 

Glen"s Falls. Sandy Hill and Fort Edward are seen distinctly in 
the noi'th-east, while beyond, the Green Mountains of Vermont 
and the blue outlines of the New Hampshire Hills serve as a 
background for one of the finest landscapes in America. 

" True, 'tis a scene of loveliness." 

Below you are fields of waving grain, and pastures and lazy herds; 
about you are wild flowers and murmuring pines. 

" Your thoughts are wandering up, 
Far up the streams of time ; 
And long slept recollections of old tales, 
Are rushing on j^our mem(>ry as ye breathe 
That valley's storied name, 
Field of the Grounded Arms " I 

It is Seliuylerville and the Saratoga Battle ground, miles away, 
but visible in the south-east, that have stirred the memories of 
history. Bemis Ileiglits, where was fought the first great de- 
cisive battle in the war that made us a nation, Schuylerville, 
the scene of Burgoyne's surrender, now commemorated by a 
national monument. Saratoga Lake and Snake Hill add much 
to the picturesque view before us. The hotel towers of Saratoga 
remind one of the gayeties of the great American Spa and the 
numerous Saratoga attractions that can be reached from" Mt. 
McGregor in half an hour. The world- renowned Catskills com- 
plete the great panorama before us, and as we enjoy the exhila- 
rating atmosphere of McGregor's lofty mountain, we wonder why 
all Saratoga visitors have not been brought here before. 

Some one has said : " See Italy and die ; " but those who see 
Mount McGregor say : " See Mount McGregor and live, live to 
see and enjoy it from year to year. Renovate your system at the 
Saratoga Springs, but renew your youth at Mount McGregor;" it 
is the " Great Eldorado of the North." 

The Mount McGregor Railway Company formerly had control 
of one thousand acres on this mountain, which it intended to 
make one of the grandest niouiiteiin parks in the world. Tn this 
park are two natural mountain lakes. Lake Anna and Lake Bonita. 

123 . 



CHAPTEK X. 

COMMERCIAL INTERESTS. 

The most prominent features of business in Saratoga are the 
bottling and selling of the mineral waters, and the entertainment 
of summer visitors. These ^wo pursuits have absorbed a vast 
amount of capital, and some of Saratoga's most enterprising citi- 
zens are engaged in these occupations. The several springs are 
owned by different stock companies or private interests, and the 
amount of capital invested in each varies from $5,000 to $1,000,- 
000. Many of the springs are very valuable, both for the amount 
expended in developing them, and the large amount of valuable 
mineral water they produce. To place these waters in all the 
leading cities of the United States, and the world, has required 
the greatest energy and business skill, and the substantial 
results obtained in this field are a creditable testimony to the 
managers of this important work. The task of providing bed 
and board for the hundred thousand people who annually come 
here is enormous. No one who has visited Saratoga in July or 
August, and seen the bustle of the great hotels, as each train 
brings hundreds of new arrivals, can fail to be impressed with 
the magnitude the hotel business has attained at this place. The 
palatial buildings, the exquisite decorations and furnishing, 
the bountiful tables loaded with delicacies and luxuries, the lav- 
ishness expended for the entertainment of guests, have involved 
immense capital, and require more than ordinary su{)ervision. 
But, besides the spring and hotel interests, and the general busi- 
ness of entertaining, there is a large mercantile interest, and Sara- 
toga boasts of many stores of considerable size, well-stocked with 
such goods as the visitors and residents require. They are 
situated mostly on Broadway, between Congress Street and the 
Town Hall, and present very attractive windows to passers-by. 

24 



SAKATOGA ILLUSTKATEl). 

The book-stores of Saratoga are very liberally supplied with 
the latest and most attractive literature in bound books, maga- 
zines, and paper-covered publications. They are mostly located 
on Broadway, between Congress Street and Caroline Street. 

Robson & Adee 

have a fine, large book-store at N(j. 392 Broadway, opposite the 
United States Hotel. They keep a large stock of the latest and 
most popular literature, and the leading magazines, periodicals, 
guide-books, and a large assortment of fine stationery and sport- 
ing goods. They have another store called 

Congress Hall Book-Store, 

luider Congress Hall Hotel, on Broadway, near the entrance to 
Congress Spring and Park. At either of these stores the lover 
of good books and literature and the hunter of souvenirs can 
have his most fastidious taste satisfied with the choicest bits to 
be found anywhere. 

The Saratoga Book-Store. 

C. P. Penfield's new place of business, Broadway, opposite the 
Grand Union Hotel, two doors north of Spring Street, is a very 
attractive book and stationery store. He keeps the latest books, 
magazines, guide-books, pocket cutlery, pocket-books, gold pens, 
fountain pens, and all kinds of games. 

Brunner's News-Rooms. 
Mr. Bernard Brunner has established a news-room, opening 
just off the lobby of the Post-Office, in the Arcade, on Broadway. 
He makes a specialty of newspapers, n.iagazines, guide-books, 
stationery, games, croquet sets, etc., and all articles commonly 
found in news-rooms. 

The "Daily Saratogian." 

Visitors will find the " Daily Saratogian," the bright morning 
local newspaper, almost indispensable, if they wish to know 
what is going on in tow^n. This is a live, spicy journal, edited 
by good writers, and published in neat style, often illustrated. 

135 




^ i^ii K.. jJiiiil)iiife;i:'/:ii;iiiiii P^^ 



CHAPTER XI. 
HISTORY OF SARATOGA SPRINGS. 

The name of Saratogfa is derived from an old Indian name, 
8e-rach-ta-gue — meaning the hillside country of the great rider — 
and referred to that tract of land lying six miles back on either 
side of the Hudson, and fifteen miles in length, embracing the 
present townships of Saratoga and Stillwater on the west, and 
Easton on the east, side of the Hudson River. This tract was 
deeded by the Indians, in 1684. to Peter Philip Schuyler and six 
other citizens of Albany. It extended, as described in the Letters 
Patent, from Di-on-on-da-ho-iva, now the Batten Kill, to Then- 
en-do-ho-wa, now the Anthony Kill, near Mechauicsville, on both 
sides of the Go-ho-ta-te-a, now Hudson River. The tract embrac- 
ing the present springs was called by the Indians Kay-ad ros- 
se-ra — the lake country— d^nd was a favorite hunting-ground, 
whose name is now retained for the large stream flowing through 
the county and emptying into the Hudson at Meehanicsville. 

When the mineral springs were first discovered by the whites, 
they unwittingly called them "The Springs near Saratoga," 
though sitnated several miles away from the real Se-rach-ta-yne, 
in another hunting-ground ; and thus the less distinguished 
robbed the more noted of its name and fame. 



' Ye say they all have passed away. 

That noble race and brave, 
That their light canoes have vanish'd 

From off the crested wave ; 
That 'mid the forest where they roam'd 

There rings no hunter's shout: 
But their name is on your waters. 

Ye may not wash it out." 

126 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

In the year 1703, one Rip Van Dam and twelve associates took 
of the Mohawk eliicfs, an Indian deed of Kny-ad-ros-se-ra. It 
was not until 1768 that the deed, through the powerful influence 
of Sir VYiliiam Johnson, was confirmed by the tribe. The chiefs 
said they were told by the agents of the purchasers that the 
description in the deed only covered "land enough for a good- 
sized farm," and that they never intended by it to convey to the 
whites, " for a few baubles," their great hunting ground contain- 
ing half a million acres. But after more than sixty years of 
fruitless quarrels over this old title, the Indians had grown weak 
and the whites had grown strong, and it is the old story — the 
weaker gave up to the stronger. In 1770 the tract was surveyed 
into allotments, and divided among the proprietors and their 
heirs. Lot No. 12 of the sixteenth allotment, on which the vil- 
lage of Saratoga Springs now stands, fell to the lot of Rip Van 
Dam. He was the first white man that owned the Springs of 
Saratoga, and he owned them all without even knowing it. 

The Indians, never having troubled themselves with the trials 
of getting an education, kept no record of the early history of 
the Springs at Saratoga. At least one spring had a prehistoric 
existence. The bear, the deer, the wolf, and moose were the 
original patrons of High Rock Spring. In their eagerness to 
drink the saline waters, they gathered round this "big salt 
lick" in great numbers, and were often shot by the Indians 
while drinking. The Indians said that the water took away all 
fear of man, and that the timid deer suffered death rather than 
forego the salty waters that flowed over the top of the mound- 
like rock. 

The Indians themselves used the waters freely, and regarded 
the spot as a " medicine spring" that was the direct gift (tf the 
Great Spirit for the healing of their nations. The first white 
man who visited Saratoga Springs, says Sir \Villiam Johnson, 
was a sick French officer whom an Indian chief brought from 
Fort Carrilon to be benefited by the waters. The next, it is be- 
lieved, was Sir William himself, who came- there in August, 1761, 
ten years before Dirck Scoughten built his pioneer hotel upon 
the bluff near by. His faithful Mohawks brought him through 
the woods from Schenectady, by the way of Ballston Lake, to the 

127 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

High Rock Spring. Scoiighten's route to the springs was from 
the Hudson to the east side of Saratoga Lake, thence across the 
lake in a bark canoe to the mouth of the Kayadarosseras River, 
thence up the river two miles to an Indian trail that led to the 
springs. In 1783, General P. Schuyler cut a road through the 
woods from his mills at the mouth of Fish Creek to the springs, 
and built a summer-house, which he occupied every summer with 
his family during the rest of his life. 

Around those old fountains of Kay-ad-ros-se-ra, so often sur- 
rounded with the rude wigwams of the savages, the new Sara- 
toga has sprung up in all the pride and splendor of modern 
civilization. It has been but a hundred years in building. In 
the year 1774 the first rude hotel was opened for the entertain- 
ment of visitors by John Arnold, of Rhode Island. He occu- 
pied the house built a year or two before by Dirck Scoughten, 
upon the bluff west of and near the High Rock Spring. Scough- 
ten liad made a little clearing, planted some potatoes, and put 
up and partly furnished a log-house, when he quarreled with 
the Indians, and they drove him away. This pioneer hotel had 
but a single room or two on the ground floor, with a chamber 
overhead. In sight of it were sixteen Indian cabins filled with 
their savage occupants. In the rocky ledges near by there were 
numerous dens of rattlesnakes. There were so many of these 
reptiles then at the springs, that the early visitors often had to 
hang their beds from the limbs of the trees to avoid them. 
Niglitly, the wolves howled and the panther screamed ; daily, the 
black bears picked berries in the little clearings, and the wild 
deer and the moose drank from the brook, while the eagle yearly 
built her nest on the top of the towering pines. 

Such was the style, and such were the surroundings, of the 
first rough hotel of the wilderness springs of a hundred years 
ago, that led the way in the long line of magnificent structures 
that have since graced the village. 

The individual springs were discovered at various times; some 
by mere accident, and some by careful scienbific search. The old- 
est of all is the High Rock Spring. It was known to the In- 
dians for a long time before the whites appeared. Its actual age 
is uncertain, as the Indian accounts of it were mere traditions 

128 



SA RATOG A ILLUSTKATP]D. 

and ](>gen(Is. The pile of calcareous tufa heaped al)out the 
mouth of the spring grew by imperceptible layers, perhaps not 
an inch in a hundred years, and it is now three and one- half feet 
liigh ; so that its age vies with that of the geological period in 
which we live, and it may be vaguely guessed at thousands of 
years. For a long time, however, before Sir William's visit, it 
had ceased to flow over the top, and had found some other out- 
let. According to an old Indian legend, while it was still flow- 
ing over the top, some squaws once bathed their sooty faces in it, 
and the offended waters, shrinking from their polluting touch, 
sank down in shame into the bosom of the rock, and never after- 
wards were seen to flow over its surface. 

The spring was purchased by Messrs. Ainsworth & McCaffrey 
in 1865, and in experimenting upon it the firm found that the 
mound of stoue had no connection with the bedrock below. In 
the black soil below it was found the decayed trunk of a pine, 
its upper side well worn, as if long-forgoiten footsteps had worn 
it smooth in seeking the spring. Below this were marks of an- 
cient fires, and two distinct layers of tufa and meadow muck ; so 
that the spring may have been in existence long before the pres- 
ent slow-growing rock was formed, and its origin is placed still 
further back in the total obscurity of prehistoric time. The 
tubing was finished in August, 180G, and from that time to this 
the water has flowed out in exhaustless abundance. 

Congress Spring was first discovered in 1792. In the summer 
of that year Gov. John Taylor Gilman, of New Hampshire, was 
staying at the little log tavern that was built by Dirck Scoughten. 
eight years before, near the High Rock Spring. It was kept by 
Benjamin Risley, who came from Vermont. Gov. Gilman had 
long been connected with public affairs, and was the popular 
leader of the Federal party in his native State. He had served 
with honor in the Provincial forces in the war of the Revolution, 
had been a delegate in the Continental Congress for two years, 
and v^as at this time State Treasurer, and from 1794 was for 
eleven years Governor of the State. Upon a pleasant afternoon 
in August he took his gun and strolled up the little creek that 
runs past the High Rock Spring, in search of game. Saratoga 
was then all a wilderness, excepting the little clearing around 

129 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

the tavern, and two or three others in the vicinity. He followed 
up the little brook, as it ran through the tangled swamp, until 
he came to a branch that entered it from the west. This branch 
then took its rise in a clear spring, that ran out of the sand bank 
near where the Clarendon Hotel now stands. Running acro.ss 
Broadway, then an Indian trail, a little northerly of the Wash- 
ington Spring, it emptied into the main brook in what is now 
Congress Street, just below the Congress Spring. A few yards 
above the mouth of the branch was a little cascade. Below the 
cascade, the rock rose abruptly two or three feet above the level 
of its bed. Out of this rocky bank, at the foot of the cascade, a 
little jet of sparkling water, not larger than a pipe stem, spirted 
and fell into the water of the stream. Struck by its singular ap- 
pearance, Gilman stopped to examine it. It tasted not unlike the 
water of the High Rock Spring, that was already so famous. The 
truth flashed upon his mind in an instant. He had found a new 
mineral spring. 

Hastening back to his boarding-place, Gilman made known his 
discovery. Every person in the settlement was soon at the foot 
of that little cascade in the deep, wild woods, wondering at the 
curious spectacle. There was Risley and his family, of the 
Scoughten House. There was^ Alexander Bryant, the patriot 
scout of the Revolution, who kept the only rival tavern — a log 
one near by Risley 's. There was General Schuyler, who had, just 
ten years before, cut a road through the woods from his mills 
near the mouth of Fish Creek to the springs ; and Gideon Put- 
nam, the founder of the lower village, and Gil man's brother, and 
a few more guests who were at the little log tavern. And there, 
too, was Indian Joe, from his clearing on the hill, near where the 
Clarendon now is, and some of his swarthy brethren, from their 
huts near the High Rock, wondering at the strange commotion 
among the pale faces, at the little waterfall in the brook. And 
they all, gathering around it, each in turn tasted the water of the 
newly found fountain, and, pronouncing it of superior quality, 
they named it tiien and there the Congress Spring, out of com- 
pliment to its distinguished discoverer, and in honor of the old 
Continental Congress, of which he had been a member. 

For many years afterwards the water was caught in glasses as 
130 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

it ran from the rock. In attempting to increase its capacity by 
removing a part of the rock the spring was lost. But bubbles oi 
gas were noticed in the bed of the creek near by, and, turning tne 
creek one side, excavations were made in its bed. The spring 
was found and tubed, and has since become world renowned. 

Columbian Spring was first tubed by Gideon Putnam in 1505. 
The Ten Springs, near the present Excelsior Spring, were dis- 
covered in 1814, and the Washington was tubed in 1806. Tne 
Pavilion and Empire Springs were brought into notice in 1836 
and 1848. The Geyser group of springs were obtained by boring, 
and they are comparatively recent. Some of the other springs 
were known for a long time, but have been only recently devel- 
oped. So it seems that these remarkable mineral fountains are 
very old, in one sense, and quite new in another. The hiaaen 
sources of the waters, and at least one of the escapes at the sur- 
face, are very ancient. The tubing and the laier boring- are 
comparatively a matter of our own times. 

The first critical and scientific examination ol the waters was 
made by Dr. Valentine Seaman, of New York, in 1797 ; and the 
first large hotel was opened in 1803, by Mr. Gideon Putnam. It 
was called the Union Hotel, and for a bush hung out a rude 
picture of " Old Put and the Wolf." The village then consisted 
of a few log cabins, and the visitors were all invalids. In time, 
the fame of the cures increased, and the village spread its borders 
through the wilderness, and began to take on its present rather 
gorgeous apparel. 

Saratoga has, at times, been visited vith disastrous conflagra- 
tions, which have swept away, in an hour, some of the magnifi- 
cent hotels of the town. The first of these, of late date, was in 
1865, when the old United States and Marvin Hotels were con- 
sumed. They occupied the ground on which the new United 
States Hotel now stands. The Marvin House, now the Worden, 
was rebuilt on its present site in 1869. The United States was 
rebuilt in its enlarged and present colossal proportions in 1874, 
and in Jime of that year it was opened to summer visitors. The 
money for building it was raised by the sale of bonds, and the 
enormous sum of $1,000,000 was expended in its construction. 
The old Congress Hall was destroyed by fire in 1866. The present 

lai 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Congress Hall was built upon the same ground in 1868, at a cost 
of $800,000, raised by bonds bought by the citizens and others, 
who came forward to assist Mr. Hathorn in repairing the great 
loj^s to the town, and replacing it with the present beautiful 
structure. 

The Crescent, Park Place, and Columbian Hotels, extending 
from Congress Street, on the west side of Broadway, to the 
grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, were burned, in one confla- 
gration, in the fall of 1871. The Columbian was rebuilt and 
reopened in 1872, and the Park Place and Crescent Hotels were 
replaced in 1872 by the Grand Hotel, which covered all the 
ground occupied by the two, with very considerable extensions. 
The Grand Hotel had a short career, for, on the 1st day of 
October, 1874, it was obliterated by a sweeping fire that leveled 
it with the ground. It has not yet been rebuilt, but the vacant 
lot and ruins on Broadway, corner of Congress Street, still 
perpetuate its memory. The Grand Union has been more fort- 
unate than its rivals, and has gradually assumed its present 
ornamental and extensive appearance, by various enlargements 
and reconstructions, the last one being the rebuilding of the 
north wing in the spring of 1875. 

The Town Hall, on corner of Broadway and Lake Avenue, was 
built in 1869, and Convention Hall was erected by the village 
in 1892 and 1893, under the supervision of a commission, at a 
cost of over $100,000. 

Saratoga County was formed from a part of Albany in Feb- 
ruary, 1791. The first settlements were made by the Dutch, a 
few years after their arrival in this country. The county, lying 
on the natural route between the settlements on the Hudson 
and the French towns in Canada, naturally became the scene of 
much of the fighting in the early wars between the English and 
French. After the conquest of Canada, in 1760, the settlements 
extended rapidly northward, and, by the time of the Revolution, 
the county had become well filled. During that war, Bur- 
goyne's surrender, and the evejits that preceded it, made the 
county famous in our hislory. The British forces ravaged the 
entire county, and caused its almost entire depopulation, but the 
people finally captured the entire English army. - 

132 



SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED. 

Saratoga Springs was formed from Saratoga Township in 
April, 1819, and was made a post town in 1826. In 1831 a 
subscription was raised to build a railroad from Schenectady. 
From that time Saratoga Springs has grown rapidly. It has had 
its ups and downs, its fires and hotel openings, its dull times and 
its periods of wonderful prosperity. To-day it has a permanent 
population of 12,000, and offers more attractions than ever. 
Within the year it has added to its hotel facilities, its social 
advantages, and its sanitary conveniences. Houses and villas 
are springing up in its new streets. Better roatls and driv* s are 
extending in every direction. Its races and regattas have become 
established institutions of the pleasure-seeking season. Its 
springs flow in greater volume than ever, and in all their abun- 
dance there is no decline in their invaluable medical properties. 
The invalid, the fasliionable woman, the idler, and the busy city 
man may here find, each in their way, something to please, and 
none need depart saying that aught is wanting that could con- 
tribute to his comfort or happiness. 

133 



TROY LAUNDRY 

39 PHILA STREET 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, - - - - NEW YORK 

Fine Work and Pressing a Specialty 
Work Called for and Delivered .... 



TELEPHONE CONNECTION 



JOE HIGH BROWN, = = = = Proprietor 



Citizens National Bank, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS TRANSACTED. 

SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES TO RENT. 

INTEREST PAID ON CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT. 



JOHN FOLEY. President. 

W. T. ROCKWOOD. - - Vice-President. 

J. H. DE RIDDER, Cashier. 

Saratoga Book Store. 

Broadway, Saratoga Springs. 

opposite the Grand Union Hotel. 

Staple and Fancy Stationery 

AT POPULAR PRICES. 

Blank Books; Cutlery, Leather Goods, Photograph Albums, Scrap 
Books, Fountain Pens, White Holly Novelties, Souvenirs with 
views of Saratoga Hotels, Springs, Ponipaia House, Grant Cottage 
and Schnylerville Monument. Agent for Columbia and Hartford 
Bicycles, Boys' and Girls' Bicycles, Croquet, Lawn Tennis, etc. 

TAINTOR'S GUIDES. ALL KINDS OF GAMES. 



THE 



Saratoga Baths 



19 to 25 Phila Street. 



OPEN DAILY FROM 8 A.M. TO 6 P.M. 



FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN. 

ALL KINDS OF BATHS. 

TURKISH, RUSSIAN, ROMAN, 

MINERAL AND PLAIN, 

ALSO 

SWEDISH MOVEMENTS 

AND 

MANUAL GYMNASTICS. 

PRICES: 

TURKISH, $1. RUSSIAN, $1. ROMAN, $ 1 .25. 
MINERAL, 75 cts. PLAIN, 50 cts. 

USE OF SWIMMING POOLS FREE TO PATRONS. 

The Old Putnam Mineral Spring Water, used for baths, has 
no superior in this country or in Europe as a curative medium, 
in cases of rheumatism, nervousness, indigestion, etc. 

H. M. LEVENGSTON, Jr., Proprietor, 
SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT, 

The Most Charming: Inland Water Trip on the American Continent. 




X. 



DAY LINE STEAMERS, 

"NEW YORK" AND ''ALBANY," 

EXCEPT SUNDAY— Leave Brooklyn, by Annex, 8 a.m. ; New York, Desbrosses St. 
Pier, N. R. (adjoining Jcnx-y City Ferry), 8.40 a.m., and foot 22d St., N. R, 9 a. m., 
landing at Youkers, Wes^t Point, Nc\vl)urg:h, Poughkeepsie, Kingj^ton Point, Catskill 
and Hudson. Returning, li'uve Albany, 8 .SO a.m., from foot of "Hamilton St., arriv- 
ing in New York at 5.30 p.m. 

CHOICE OF TWO ROUTES TO THE 
R^ESOrtXJs* OF THE CATHIilLLN. 

CONNECTIONS: 

WEST POINT— With feriy for Garrison's and with down boat at 2.50. 

NKWBUK<iHI— With down boat at 2.1.5. 

POrGHRKEPSII':— With down boat at 1.20. Central New England R. R. 
and Poughkeepsie & Eastern Railway. 

KINGSTON POINT— With the Ulster and Delaware R. R. for Rondout, 
Kingston, and all points reached by the Ulster and Delaware, Stony Clove and 
Catskill Mountain, and Kaatcrskill Railroads, ftid Lake Molionk. 

CATSKIL.L,-With("atskill IMonnfiin R. R. and Otis Elevating Rv. 

HIJOSON— With B()st(m and Albany R. R. for Cliatham, Pitt^tield. North Adams. 

ALBANY— With through trains for Utica, Alexandria Bay. Geneva, Niau:arii 
Falls, RiiH'alo. Watertowii, Tlioiisiand li-ilandM and Western 
points. Special trains from the Steamers' Wharf to and from Sarato$>-a. 
Through tickets s^old to all points. 

SEND SIX CENTS FOR *' SUMMER EXCURSION BOOK." 
MEALS SERVED ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN. 

AN ELEGANT ORCHESTRA ON EACH STEAMER. 



Tickets readinRvIa Now York Central and Hudson River or West Shore Railroads, between 
Albany and New York, are available un these Steamers. 










I-.^!^^. 



THE GATEWAY OF THE COUNTRY, 



Lake Champlain. Lake George. 

THBOUGH the picturesque and historic Lakes George and Champlain 
to the famous summer resorts in the Green, Adirondack and White 
Mountains, Montreal, Saratoga and Ausable Chasm. 

Beaiitifal Lake and Mountain Scenory. Unrivalled for Grandeur and Beauty. 
The Popular Pleasure Route between all points in the Northern Country. 

Touching at Hotel Cham plain four times daily. 
The magnificent side- wheel steamers " Vermont ■" and " Chateaugay " on 
Lake Champlain, " Horicon " and " Ticonderoga " on Lake George. 

Main and close connections with all trains on the Delaware & Hudson 
Canal Company's R. R. at Fort Ticonderoga and Caldwell for Saratoga, 
Albanj', New York and points south, at Plattsburgh for Ogdensburgh, 
Thousand islands, Montreal and Quebec. 

At Plattsburgh with the Chateaugay R. R. for all points in the Adirondacks. 
At Bia-lington with the Central Vermont R. R. for White and Green 
Mountiiins resorts. 

At Port Kent for Ausable Chasm. 
Meals served on board, Tickets sold and Baggage checked to Destination. 



General Office, 

Burlington, Vt. 



GEORGE RUSHLOW, 

General Manager. 



RED SPRING BATHS 

Spring Ave. and Geneva St. 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

THE RED SPRING ALKALINE BATHS are celebrated for 
the cure of Eheumatism, Gout, Salt Rheum, Eczema, Scrof- 
ula and all disorders arising from impurities of the blood. 

TWO LARGE SWIMMING POOLS 
One Reserved for Ladies 

OPEN DAY AND EVENING 

LIGHTED BY ELECTRICITY 

A COMPLETE GYMNASIUM 

Red Spring Baths are Soothing and Invigoratiny 



RED SPRING WATER 

acts directly upon the stomach, blood and kidneys, relieving 
tlie system of all poisonous secretions. 

For Catarrh, Scrofula, Eruptions, Dyspepsia and all 
stomach and kidney troubles, it is unexcelled. 

Sold in bottles only atid shipped ei'erywJiere 

A line of comfortable busses make half hourly trips to the Spring. 
Address all communications to 

W. G. MAURICE, Manager 



MAURICE BATH HOUSE, Hot Springs, Ark. 

Under Same Management 




The FAMOUS TRUNK 
LINE ROUTE. 



PASSING AS IT DOES 

ALOJNG THE WEST SHORE 

OF THE 

HUDSON RIVER, 



AND THROUGH THE 
PICTURESQUE 

MOHAWK VALLEY 

IS THE POPULAR 



WEST-SHORE 
-RAILROAD= 



THE ONLY LINE RUNNING 



WAGNER BUFFET PALACE SLEEPING CARS between 
NEW YORK AND TORONTO 



"W^ITPIOXJT OliA-KTChHS- 



THE ONLY ALL RAIL ROUTE AND THROUGH DRAWING ROOM CAR LINE 

TO AND FEOM THE 



Special Trains, Drawing Room Cars attached, are run during the Summer Season between 

NEW YORK AND NEW PALTZ 

FOR LAKES MOH ONK AND MINNEWASKA. 

DRAWING ROOM CARS, WITHOUT CHANGE, BETWEEN 

NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA AND BLOOMVILLE. 

.> AND CLOSE CONNECTIONS AT JERSEY CITT BETWEEN 

WASHINGTON, BALTIMORK, PHILADELPHIA, 1,0X0 KKAMH, POINT PLEASANT, 
8ARATO0\ mid LVKK GEOKGE. 

FAST EXPRESS TRAINS, WITH ELEGANT PALACE AND SLEEPING CARS, 

BETWEEN 

NEW VOKK, BOSI'OV, NEWIUIMJII. KI\<iSI(»\. fATSKILL. AI.HANY, SAKAKKiA, HIOXTHEU., 

UTICA, SYKACl'SE l»U'HESI'EK. KUKKALO. NIAGARA KALIS, HAMILTON, LONDON, TORONTO, 

DETROIT, CLEVELAND, CHK'Vf.O aiid ST. LoriS, WITHOll CHAN(iE. 

For Tickets, Time Tables, and full informitinn. apply to any Ticket Agent West Shore 

C. E. LAMBERT, General Passenger Agent, NEW YORK. 



SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y., 

DAILY AND WEEKLY. 

No \vatering place or society journal in 
the world is so widely circulated during 
tHe Summer Season as 

THE t>flIIiV Sflt^flTOGIflH. 

If you are an advertiser and desire to 
reach a multitude of people, place your 
advertisement in the columns of 

THH iDflmV SAfiflTOGIflH 
for the season. 

Advertising rates and circulation fur- 
nished upon application. 

Circulation guaranteed. 
Published by 

THE SARATOGIAN COMPANY, 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



♦ 



Empire Spring 




SARATOGA.Ny. 

THE BEST OF SARATOGA 

In flavor, agreeable medicinal effects, and bottling qualities, the 
Empire Water is unequaled. It is bottled direct from Wood Tubing 
with no extra gasing, and possesses phenomenal power to hold its medi- 
cinal properties in solution even after uncorking. 

As a morning cathartic, and for relief of all disorders of the digestive 
and depurative organs, such as Indigestion, Constipation, Catarrh and 
Neui-algia of the Stomach, it is unsurpassed among all the remedies yet 
discovered. The freedom from griping pains which is noticeable in the 
cathartic operations of this water, is a distinctive characteristic to which 
we would call especial attention. 

In all Bronchial difficvilties the curative effects of Empire is marvelous. 

For Consumptives, Empire Water stands alone among all mineral waters 
as a source of great relief— its tendency to allay the fever coughs and night 
sweats incident to this disease render it a very valuable remedy. 

In cases of Scrofula its alterative effects have been uniformly attended 
with relief. 

All kinds of Eruptive diseases. Pimples, Blotclies and Ulcers, are most 
effectuallj' eradicated, Avhile its purifying power gives tone to the stomach 
and invigorates the whole system. 

Dr. Charles S. Grant sajs: 

With thirty years'' experience in Saratoga, I prescribe the Empire Water 
in my practice. As a before-breakfast drink for Cathartic oi' Alterative 
effect, I firmly believe its superior does not flow fropi the earth. 

SOLD IN BOTTLES ONLY. 

ADDRESS : 

EMPIRE SPRING CO, - Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 



HOTEL CASTLETON, 



BRIGHTON HEIGHTS 
NEW BRIGHTON 
STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. 




AN IDEAL SUMMER RESORT— A COSEY WINTER RESORT 

CUE first noteworthy object to attract one's attention when 
approaching Staten Ishmd is the liandsonie Hotel Castleton, 
which occupies the most sightly and delightful location in the 
vicinity of New York. Standing on an elevation right at the gate- 
way through which ocean steamers and vessels of all descriptions are 
constantly passing, Tlie Castleton affords its guests an ever-changing 
panorama of i-are beauty and interest, as well as a superb view of 
New York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, and the country surrounding the 
Upper Bay of New York. The })eculiarly favoi-able location and ease 
of access from and ^o New York make The Castleton a desirable home 
for many people whose business is in the lower part of tiie city. It is 
an attractive place for those who wish to spend a few weeks at various 
seasons of the year near but not in New York. And it is especially 
convenient as a winter home for families having children to educate, 
being but a short distance from the new Staten Island Academy and 
other excellent schools. The Castleton is furnished and conducted 
with special regard for the comfort of families of the best custom. Its 
apartments are the perfection of comfort, and the cuisine is declared 
to be excellent. There are baths on every floor and in connection with 
many suites of rooms. There are elevators, electric liglds, steam heat, 
and sun parlors. Nine hundred feet of piazzas, much of them 
inclosed in glass for winter and opening into a dancing pavilion 
4()x6."), with a s|)eciaily selected and })repared floor. There are 
billiard and pool tables for ladies and gentlemen, bowling alleys, 
tennis and cro([Ut't groun<ls, etc. The drives are varied and beautiful. 
Steamers I'un evei-y 15 minutes, morning and evening, and at 
lony-er intervals until after midnight, from tlie terminus of elevated 
and surface railroads, Foot of Bro.-idway, New York. Hotel stage 
meets boats at St. (Jeorge. For i\ates. Room Plans, etc., address 
GEORGE H. AVERY, Manager, New Brighton, N. Y. 




SARATOG/v 



VichY 



KIE OF TABLE WATERS. 

The Great Natural Remedy for 

Dyspepsia, 
Indigestion, 

and 

Rheumatism. 



lOO Pints, 



TAKE A BOTTLE FOR DINNER. 
YOU WILL FIND IT 

Sparkling, Delicious, and 
Beneficial. 

PRICE BY THE CASE: 

$10.00 50 Quarts, - $7.50. 



Address SARATOGA VICHY SPRINGS CO., 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



PEOPLE'S Line Steaiviers 

ON THE HUDSON 




K* Board of DiredioRs* 



;He^^«)|?k 



ADIRONDACK or DEAN RICHMOND, 



Capt. S. J. ROE. 



Capt. J. H. MANVILLE. 



DINING ROOMS ON MAIN DECK. 
POWERFUL SEARCHLIGHTS ON EACH STEAMER. 



LEAVE NEW YORK FOR ALBANY. 

Daily, Sundays excepted, at 6 P.M., fioni Pier 33 (iicav; North 
River, foot of Caual Street. 

(Saturday night steamer connects at Albany Sunday morning for Saratoga 

and p.-ii'ts x-ia D. & H. R. R. Aleo West via N. Y. C, & H. R. R.) 

Connecting with trains for SARATOGA. LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLATN, 

tiie ADlRONDACKS and Summer Resorts ..f the NORTH. «AST and WEST. 

The X. Y. C. & H. R. R. and the W'tsi Shore Raihoad have made a special 

arrangement wiih the People's Line Steamers whereby passengers holding through 

tickets to New York and p dnt.s South can have their choice of routes from Albany. 

Passengers cJin have their tickets exchanged by tlie condnctors of trains before 

arriviuL' at .Albany for a ticket good over People's Line Ste.imers. 

l^^ J*asseng<'rs frotu the A'ojff/i- holding tickets over railroads going West, 
can have their tickets exchanged at People's Line office. Pier .SO (new) N. P.. foot 
Canal Street, New York, for tickets good over People's Line Steamers for Albany. 

NEW YORK. 

from NORTH. EAST and WEST, 



LEAVE ALBANY FOR 

Every week-day at 8 P.M.. or on arrival of train 

cor.nectnig at New York with ALL EARLY TH.MNS for the SOUTH 

the European Plan. Freight received up to time of departure. 



Meals on 



FOR TICKETS IN NEW YORK 
Apply at Company's Office, Pier :« (new). North River ; and at all principal Hotels 
and 'i'icket Offices in New York, and <>n board the steamers. R. R. Offices througli 
out the country. 

Tickets sold and baegage checked to all points WEST via N. Y. C. ct H R R.. 
N. Y. & W\ S.. D. & H. C. Co., Filchburg. Cent'l Vt.. B. & A., and O. & L. C. 
Railroails, etc. 
W. W. EVERETT, J. H ALLAIRE. F. C. EARLE, M. B. WATERS, 

President. Gen. T. Agent. Qcn. Ft. Agent. Gen. Pass. Agent. 



Lake George and 
Lake Champlain 

...THE.... 

HISTORIC NORTHERN WATERS 

THE IDEAL SUMMER TOUR. BY THE 

DELAWARE & HUDSON R. R. 



F 



INE TRAINS 

INE STEAMBOATS AND 

INE HOTELS 



Everywhere Throughout this Charmed Region 

SARATOGA SPRINGS 

THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS 

SHARON SPRINGS, ETC., ETC. 

ll!;^^Spn(l 4 cents in stamps for Illustrated Giiido to Resorts, Hotel-^ 
and Boarding Houses, IMap.s etc.. to 

J. W. BURDICK, General Passenger Agent 
ALBANY, N. Y. 



SARATOGA 

GEYSER WATER! 



THE LEADING WATER OF SARATOGA. 



FOR DYSPEPSIA it is unrivaled. It contains 
more Soda and Magnesia combined tha.r\ any 
other Saratoga water. 

FOR KIDNEY DISEASES it, beyond dis- 
pute, excels ail otiier waters. It contains a much 
larger quantity of Lithia tlian any of the so-called 
Lithia waters. 

AS A CATHARTIC, when taken rather 
warm before breakfast, it is mUd yet thorough. 
It is not a harsh water. 

BEWARE OF MANUFACTURED WATER. 

Ask for SARATOGA Geyser. 

For sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at our office, No. 1 Grand Union 
Block, corner Broadvvaj and Congress Street, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Address 

GEYSER SPRING CO.. 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 



TAINTOR'S GUIDE-BOOKS 

TAINTOR BROTHERS, Publisher?, 
13 A§tor Place, l¥ew York. 

These Gnides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, giring 
Ifcems of interest to the traveler for business and pleasure, and are 

ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS AND \ArOODCUTS. 



PRICE, 25 CENTS EACH, BT KAIL. 

*' City of Neur York."— Containing descriptions of and direc^ 

tions for visiting the Public Buildings, Places of Amusement, Library, eta 
A new Street Directory, Travelers' Directory, and a Map of New York, 
Brooklyn, Jersey City, Hoboken, etc 

*' Hudson River Route."— New York to West Point, Cats- 
kill Mountains, Albany, Troy, Saratoga Springs, Lake George, Lake Cham- 
plain, Adirondacks, Montreal and Quebec, via Hudson Eiver Steamers. 

^^ Saratoga Illustrated." — The Visitors* Guide to Saratoga 
Springs, with maps and wood cuts. 

'* SaratOg^a mineral Waters." — Directions for their use by 
Dr. W. O. StiUman, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Sea-ISide Resorts.— A Hand-book for Health and Pleasure 
Seekers, for the Atlantic Coj»t from the St. Lawrence to tfce Mississippi. 

*'TliC Northern Resorts."— Boston to the White Moutains, 
Lake Memphremagog, Green Mountains, Lake Champlain, Sheldon, Massena, 
OgdeiB burgh, Montreal and Quebec. 
"The Pennsylvania Coal Regions."- New York and 

Philadelphia to Easton, Bethlehem, Delaware Water Gap, Mauch Chunk, 
Scranton, Harrisburg, WilHamsport and Elmira. 

"The Erie Route."— New York to Ithaca, Watkine' Glen, 
Rochester, Dunkirk, Buffalo and Niagara Falls, via Erie Railway and 
branches. 

"New York to Saratoga, BuffaEo and Niagara 

Falls."— Via Hudson River and New York Central R.R. 

"The Newport and Fall River Route."— New York 

to Boston, via Newport and Fall River. With descriptions of Newport and 
Narragansett Bay. 

'' Conneetieut River Route."— New York to the White 
Mountains, via N. Y. <fe N. H. and Connecticut River R.R. 

"New York to Philadelphia, Baltimore and 
Washington." 

PubUshed by TAINTOR BROTHERS, 
13 Astar Place, New York, 



